New energy vehicles: the maximum benefit of low-carbon path to optimal battery

New energy vehicles: the maximum benefit of low-carbon path to optimal battery

1, the new energy vehicles due to large market, cost, energy-saving features, low-carbon path is the preferred position.

China low carbon path and to consider the economic systems of low-carbon development, the priority at this stage to consider the cost to market means the development of low-carbon economy, new energy automotive industry because of its large market, can lead the development of downstream industries, stimulate consumption, and energy-saving the economy, the low-carbon path is the preferred position.

2, the new energy vehicles will become a national strategy, national efforts to support low-carbon industry will exceed the other.

March 2010, the NDRC will be issued the "new energy vehicle development program," new energy vehicles will improve as the national strategy, it will be a major opportunity for new energy development.In all low-carbon industries, the importance of new energy vehicles top row, state support is expected to exceed the intensity of solar, wind and other industries.

3,2011 years to reach 500 000 new energy vehicles, driving more than 50% growth in demand for batteries, lithium batteries with improved penetration, the next three years, can maintain 50% growth.

Huge amount of car batteries, an electric car than 4,000 notebooks, the average use per car cathode materials, 50 kg, 40 kg anode material, electrolyte 40 kg.If the use of vehicles by 20% for the lithium battery (100 000) could also contribute to the positive 5000 tons, 4,000 tons of cathode, 4,000 tons of electrolyte.Electrolyte domestic demand in 2009 to 8,000 tons, only 50% increase in auto demand.With the increased penetration of lithium batteries in the future, more cars use lithium batteries, lithium batteries can keep the next three years, 50% growth.

4, the new energy vehicle development, to benefit the largest battery manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers less affected.

National car sales in 2009 13 million, 50 million new energy vehicles have little effect on the vehicle.Higher prices for new energy vehicles, vehicle low profit margin, profit, mainly in the upper reaches of the battery, electronic control and generator sectors.

5, lithium higher gross margin, with the actual results support the concept of the more rare new energy.

Gross margin: 30% positive and negative 20%, 40% of the electrolyte, diaphragm 70%, Lithium hexafluorophosphate 70%.

Companies have considerable profitability.Industry, rapid technological change, the higher the bottleneck, cathode, anode material in the supply and demand balance, electrolyte membrane for the technical content of the highest part of a comprehensive analysis of products in short supply, new energy vehicles in low-carbon economy will give priority to the development of battery materials company benefit the most, the battery company's actual results support materials, and 3-year battery market can maintain continuous growth, and development of the industry may have explosive

Photoelectric conversion rate of up to 100% new solar cell R & D success

California Institute of Technology recently developed a new solar cell, whose basic principle is to thin the silicon wire array embedded in the polymer substrate.In addition to thin flexible, the absorption of sunlight and its conversion efficiency have made a significant breakthrough.In addition, traditional solar cells required amount of expensive semiconductor material compared to this new type of solar cell requires only a small part.

Applied physics and materials science professor Harry Atwater and the Howard Hughes said: "The first time the traditional solar cells, light absorption material in light-harvesting limit." A new type of silicon used in solar cell arrays on a single line absorption wavelength of incident light 96% of the full wavelength sunlight capture rate of up to 85%.

Atwater said: "A lot of material to capture light very well, but it can not be converted into electrical energy, such as black paint for solar cells, the absorbed photon is converted to electrical loads can sub (charge carrier) is also very important." their R & D line array of silicon solar cells can be absorbed photon 90-100% conversion to electronic.Technically, this array has a near-perfect internal quantum efficiency (internal quantum efficiency).

Atwater concluded: "The high light absorption and better conversion capabilities achievement of this high-quality solar cells."

Silicon in the silicon wire array length of 30 to 100 microns (micron) between the diameter of only 1 micron.Equivalent to the thickness of the silicon wire array length, but the view from the corner of an area or volume, only 2% of this material is silicon, the other 98% of all polymers.As the traditional silicon solar cells is a very expensive component, so that only the traditional to 1 / 50 of solar cell production costs will be much lower.

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Nanotechnology can light fabric and paper into the battery

Nanotechnology can light fabric and paper into the battery

An engineer has discovered a cheap and efficient production of lightweight paper battery and super capacitor, and conductive textiles, and extended the method, called "e-textiles (eTextiles)", the textile can store energy, while preserving plain paper or fabric mechanical properties,

Batteries and super capacitors store energy by electrostatic, not chemical.

Yi Cui of Stanford University engineers to plain paper or fabric soaked in a special kind of ink into the nanoparticles to develop e-textiles.

Cui's team and even for their inventions conceived many of the functional use. May one day save the future of home energy use wallpaper. Gadget lovers can connect the gadget to wherever their T-shirts, to the portable gadget charging devices. Textiles can also be used to produce energy mobile display clothing, production response function with high-performance sports clothing, and wear-ability with heavily armed soldiers.

Development of these high-tech products is the main component of the human eye can not see the nanostructures, nanostructures can be assembled, so they have the conductive feature, this structure may be assembled on the market some of the power storage device to provide solutions to problems.

Cui team experimental device type of nanoparticles used in products expected to function according to changes - lithium cobalt oxide is a compound commonly used in batteries, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are used for super-capacitors.

Cui said: "Energy storage is a very old area of research, super capacitors, batteries - these are old things. How true to the revolutionary impact in this area? This requires a lot of different ways of thinking."

Mitsubishi Electric open thin-film silicon solar cells development of

Mitsubishi Electric in February 16th, 2010 at Tokyo's "research and development results conference", disclosed the company's first thin-film silicon solar cell development situation. The current trial of 5mm square thin-film silicon solar cell stabilization process before the conversion efficiency of 14.8%. Mitsubishi Electric said confidently, "The results of the same area near the KANEKA products have 15% efficiency." Measurements for the Mitsubishi Electric to implement, practical date has been set.

Mitsubishi Electric The trial of thin-film silicon solar cells, equipped with a three-layer absorption of different power generation layer. Layers did not disclose specific materials used, but uses a combination of amorphous silicon-like materials and micro-crystalline silicon materials.

To achieve 14.8% conversion efficiency to contribute to that loss can be reduced levels of the components and design techniques to improve the sealing effect of light transparent conductive film of the bump forming technology. The technology is the use of semiconductor and LCD panel technology to develop.

The thin-film silicon solar cells from the end of 07 cutting-edge technology at Mitsubishi Electric Research Institute (Amagasaki) began to develop. Laboratory equipment prototype 90mm maximum square thin-film silicon solar cells. The company plans to further expand and improve area efficiency.

In the large-scale solar cell manufacturers in Japan, Sharp and Sanyo Electric are ready for mass production or mass production of thin film silicon solar cells. Kyocera and Mitsubishi Electric believes that the "thin-film silicon solar cells more than the superiority of silicon solar cells", it has been working on silicon solar cells. This time, Mitsubishi Electric disclosed thin film silicon solar cells on specific developments in the future, more attention Kyocera's move.

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How to keep up with new energy vehicles in China Kam American and Japanese models developed

How to keep up with new energy vehicles in China Kam American and Japanese models developed

In fostering domestic consumer market, learn from the U.S. government stimulus

Research on key technologies in the learning mode of the Japanese R & D production and research alliances

Further clear road map for China's new energy vehicles, change the status quo has been wavering

Not only for the "Beyond" and give up efforts to improve the traditional internal combustion engine

This is a pure electric buses to replace the battery "gas station." Currently, Beijing has 100 electric vehicles and 870 hybrid cars. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Wenshe

At present, Chinese auto companies have been competing to set off a wave of new energy vehicles repairer, however, new energy vehicles in China but in reality there is a lack of supporting infrastructure, consumer market, immature, and other key technologies difficult obstacles. The future of new energy vehicles in China will have huge market potential, experts suggest that the development of new energy vehicles in China to learn from the United States should stimulate the development of model policies and Japan.

Forces from fighting each other to find

As the energy crisis, environmental needs and national policy support to encourage a variety of factors, in the current Chinese auto manufacturers, whether it is local brands, or joint ventures, are trying to join the production of new energy vehicles or planned.

Reporters learned that in previous years, the development of new energy vehicles to the main difference is that business alone, has emerged between government and enterprises to jointly develop new energy vehicles momentum. Guangzhou Municipal Government and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd. signed the "electric car industry to jointly promote the Memorandum of Understanding." Nissan electric vehicle development at the forefront of the industry has come on, Guangzhou will be the development of new energy vehicles as an opportunity to guide the future development trend of automobile, further enhancing the government and the intensity and level of business cooperation, and promote the development of new energy vehicles in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou Municipal Committee, Deputy Mayor Wu Perseverance, Agility said that with the rapid development of automobile industry and the rapid growth of car ownership, resources and the environment face increasing pressure to develop new energy vehicles will be the inevitable choice Guangzhou automotive industry to achieve industrial upgrading and sustainable development an important way. In order to accelerate the development, Guangzhou has set up a leading group for the development of new energy automotive industry, and to study new energy automotive industry development programs. Guangzhou economy looking forward to the smooth introduction of zero-emission vehicles for the development of local economy and building a green home to make a positive contribution.

Whether international capital, and domestic enterprises, are very optimistic about China's auto industry in this new energy giant cake. Industry experts predict that by 2020, 10% -20% of China's passenger car sales will come from pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid and other new energy vehicles.

Ministry also made a number of cities selected energy-saving and new energy vehicles running large-scale demonstration of the idea, for three consecutive years in the country more than 10 large and medium cities of conditional level one thousand hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles and large-scale energy supply infrastructure model, and strive to make the country the scale of the operation of new energy vehicles in 2012 accounted for 10% of car market share. The core of this vision by expanding the scale demonstration of new energy vehicles to promote the industrialization process.

Development model of advanced foreign

While the broad market prospects, but the new energy vehicles in China but in reality there are charging stations and other infrastructure facilities lack mature consumer market, and other key technologies difficult obstacles. Data indicate that the current utilization of new energy vehicles in China is only 1%. Changes in China's new energy vehicles, "Game No One Played" situation, experts suggest that the policy should be to learn from the United States and Japan to stimulate R & D model.

First, cultivate the domestic consumer market.

"Although the new energy vehicles, energy-saving environmental protection, but at the same level model comparison, the price at least higher than the five or six million. More money to buy a car or spend more money to buy oil, Chinese consumers tend to choose the latter."

China's new energy into the earlier hybrid car market - - the Toyota Prius, for example, in 2006, car sales in China 2100, 2008, in order to enhance sales, price 24000 yuan Toyota initiative, but sold only 899. Large relative to the global total of 1.2 million sold the brilliant record, the Prius performance in the Chinese market it is deserted.

Jia Xinguang industry expert consultants in Beijing that the promotion of new energy vehicles urgently cultivate the domestic consumer market, leading the government plays an indispensable role in the meantime, the key is to increase the intensity of industrial subsidies, the subsidies directly benefit consumers, effectively stimulate consumption . Stimulation of the United States policy in this regard is worth learning.

According to reports, the U.S. government and enterprises using the two-way interaction. Obama fuel restrictions and a new energy policy for the U.S. auto industry, a clear direction, the enterprise will speed up its own research and development. The United States through the development of more stringent emission standards for vehicle fuel policies and new energy vehicles, as well as through government procurement, energy efficient cars, consumers to buy efficient cars tax cuts, the creation of new energy vehicles in the government-funded projects, investment promotion, infrastructure construction of new energy vehicles and other strategies , the U.S. government to further promote the automotive products in the "small" and "low energy" direction. The federal government will purchase from the U.S. Big Three auto makers produced 17,600 vehicles, including new energy, including energy-saving vehicles.

Obama made it clear that, by 2015 the United States to have 1 million plug-in hybrids on the road. To encourage consumption, purchase plug-in hybrid business owners can enjoy the $ 7,500 tax deduction. Also, the Government has also invested four hundred million dollars to support the construction of infrastructure such as charging stations. These new energy policy, more specifically the development of new products, energy saving direction and goals.

Second, build a production and research union.

New energy vehicles to overcome many of the key technical problems, thus strengthening joint research and development and improve the development of new energy efficiency is an important part of facing the vehicle development.

"China Automotive News" editor Zhong Shi said: "Now the development of domestic enterprises enthusiasm of new energy vehicles, which is very positive initiative, we can not 'mess' on the grounds, the refusal of most companies outside of new energy vehicles, industry organizations should play, the role of local government, strengthen the organization and guidance, collaborative research, division of production, government departments should organize a national automotive industry and interested in the development of new energy vehicles companies plan to jointly research and development, in particular, to encourage more enterprises, universities, research institutes and even individuals to participate in the development of new energy vehicles cause, to appear full steam ahead of new energy vehicles good situation. "

Zhong Shi also proposes a need to guard against the phenomenon of domestic enterprises to develop new energy vehicles enthusiasm, but many businesses split up R & D, low efficiency, high cost, as well as the business is to get state subsidies to the new policy launched energy vehicles, aimed at grabbing the money without the repairer. "Thus, new energy vehicles in China in the research of key technologies, we should learn from Japan's University Alliance R & D model that is conducive to integration of resources, and it helps control the flow of corporate subsidies."

According to reports, Japan's key technologies to overcome the battery, has established a high-performance electric vehicle battery development of the largest new energy automotive industry alliance to jointly implement the 2009 "innovative cutting-edge basic research battery of special" new project. The consortium includes Toyota, Nissan and other auto companies, Sanyo Electric and other motor, battery manufacturers, and Kyoto University and other famous universities and research institutions, a total of 22 members of the unit. Each unit of the Union out of more than 50 professionals engaged in cooperative research and development of basic technologies common business needs. Japanese government plans to invest within seven years of 21 billion yen for this project, through the development of high-performance electric vehicle batteries, in 2020, the Japanese electric vehicle on a single charge of driving range more than tripled.

Third, to establish a clear road map.

Tianjin University, China Automotive Research Center, deputy director of strategic development Guo Yan pointed out that the road map for new energy vehicles in China has been slow swing is an important reason for its development. According to reports, the international strategic direction of new energy vehicles, the current consensus is: the starting point is the traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles, the end is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, during a transitional period of 20 years or so, it will be the new energy model their quarter scuffle for the war. Focus on developing hydrogen-powered cars with the United States, Japan and vigorously develop gasoline-electric hybrid, diesel-powered cars in Europe compared with main attack, China's new energy roadmap has been unclear.

Participated in the strategic development of new energy vehicles in China's Automotive Safety and Energy Director of State Key Laboratory of High-Ming Ouyang said, "After the hair belongs to the Chinese automotive industry: one car behind the traditional engine technology multinational, on the other hand is also behind the development of new energy technologies in the car of state. Therefore, China's automotive research and development of new energy technologies must be different from other countries, it can not be the order of development, and to Sarkozy heads together. "

Fourth, diversification of energy-saving vehicles.

Industry experts also pointed out that application of a wide range of perspective to the development of new energy sources. Because in the energy, the human's ultimate goal is to achieve sustainable use of renewable energy development. Renewable energy including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal energy, tidal energy, etc., short-term goal is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels to achieve energy diversity.

Jia Xinguang analysis that, at present, the industry's eyes are on the outside of the electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles. From the market, supporting the need to address the energy supply network (charging station), the performance to meet the needs of consumers, the price to be competitive. If the building through a large number of coal, fuel power plants to provide electricity, resulting in new pollution, the new energy vehicles not to pursue the matter whether, and if you want to solar, wind, nuclear power to increase the power supply, power generation is now the "new energy" , experiencing the pain of suffering the high cost, technically not completely break. Even if the electric vehicle technology improved, the new generation of energy technology will not immediately mature.

Jia Xinguang, said the public had developed a hundred kilometers a liter of fuel concept car, though many are skeptical of this car, but with this car, we can also see a wide range of fuel-efficient technologies: low-drag and efficient internal combustion engines, reducing weight, body of new materials, etc., so in a traditional internal combustion engine has much to do energy saving and emission reduction. China's rush to development of electric vehicles is to "leapfrog development" and "beyond", which gave up efforts to improve the traditional internal combustion engine, resulting in a new passive: the new energy vehicle market has not really taken shape, but also the development of highly efficient internal combustion engine great potential, we do not account for both sides.

"The car will not only run in a way, not only has highways, as well as first, second, easy road, as well as rural roads. Similarly, the development of new energy vehicles is not only one way, especially the realistic way to go . "Jia Xinguang said.

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Lithium-ion battery management system design

Lithium-ion battery management system design

This article discusses the power lithium battery management system is designed to achieve the power of lithium battery overcharge protection, over discharge protection, overcurrent protection and equalization charging functions.

Introduction

The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries for more than ten years, but early days for mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras, DVD and a series of small mobile electronics, such occasions are often single-string to use, low load current, high safety factor. The last two years, lithium-ion batteries for its lightweight, high energy density, no pollution, has started in electric bicycles, power tools and power toys, rapid application areas, and gradually applied to the field of hybrid and electric vehicles. However, the safety of lithium-ion battery power is still one of the most concern now, so their conservation is very important. In addition to lithium-ion batteries to ensure continuous improvement of their own security, must be of the battery management system, the battery and its application to balanced development. Lithium-ion battery protection including over charge protection, over discharge protection, over current and short circuit protection.

1, the function of protection circuit

1.1 Overcharge protection

Of lithium-ion batteries, which charge the highest single energy-saving core voltage must not exceed the specified value, or the battery electrolyte will be decomposed, making the temperature rise and produce gas, reducing the service life of batteries, serious or even cause an explosion Therefore, we must guarantee protection circuit can not be over-charging, the battery must be in each section to monitor the battery voltage, when the batteries when the voltage exceeds a set value, that is activated over charge protection, protection circuit cut off by the charge loop, stop charging. Voltage in the batteries and return to allow the lifting of overcharge voltage lock mode to stop protection. Different materials, lithium-ion battery voltage and the release of its protection voltage values have different requirements.

In addition, attention must also be produced by malfunction due to noise, in order to prevent the miscarriage of justice and misuse, but also set the overcharge protection delay, and delay time can not be shorter than the duration of the noise. When the voltage overcharge detection voltage continuously over more than a certain time to trigger overcharge protection.

1.2 Over-discharge protection

Excessive discharge of lithium-ion battery will shorten its life, and damage the battery is often irreversible. In order to prevent over-discharge of lithium-ion battery status, when the lithium-ion battery voltage is lower than the over-discharge voltage detection point, over-discharge protection is activated, suspended discharge, and will keep the battery low quiescent current standby mode, parameter setting off similar sufficient protection.

1.3 Over current / short circuit protection

The largest lithium-ion battery discharge current is limited and excessive discharge current lithium batteries also can cause irreversible damage, affecting their life.

Short-circuit current protection to protect this function is an extension, if the short-circuit due to external causes such as high-current discharge to immediately stop the discharge, or on the lithium battery itself and the external devices may cause serious damage.

Over-current protection delay time is normally at least a few hundred microseconds to milliseconds, while the short-circuit protection delay time is microseconds, almost instantly cut short the circuit to avoid the huge short-circuit the battery injury.

To power tools, the protection of current value and set the delay time and power tools must also be combined as the parameters, otherwise it will affect the tool's output torque and motor life.

1.4 cell balancing

Power lithium-ion batteries are generally required to Ji Chuan, dozens or even hundreds of strings above the string, because the battery in the production process, from start to become a finished film to go through many procedures, even after rigorous testing procedures, so that each power voltage, resistance, capacity consistent, but the use of a period of time, the battery internal resistance, voltage, capacity and other parameters fluctuate, forming an inconsistent state, it will have this or that difference. This difference reflected in full or discharged battery when the voltage between the battery cells in series is not the same. This situation led to the process of charging the battery pack, the battery voltage is too high trigger early cell battery overcharge protection, and in the process of discharging the battery cell voltage is too low result in battery discharge protection, so that the overall battery capacity decreased significantly, reflected by the battery capacity of the battery pack in the worst performance of the capacity of the battery cell, and use are prone to the phenomenon of overcharge and over discharge, and are not easily found, leading to early failure. Therefore requested to complete the battery cell protection circuit for the balanced operation for high voltage batteries from taking excess current, excess consumption of electricity, to achieve cell balancing to maximize the effectiveness of lithium battery power, extending battery life and increase security. The balance of the current methods commonly used storage balance and resistance balance.

Equilibrium is the use of battery energy storage inductor or capacitor energy storage components such as charge and discharge through the relay or switching device without energy storage components to achieve balance between the battery switch to the energy transfer between cells. This method of balancing the general control network charge complex, high-security management requirements, in the use of energy storage devices should be careful to take a good charge and discharge time, its biggest advantage is that charge and discharge (work) in use, can balance the unit cell function, and does not consume power lithium-ion battery pack.

Resistance is generally balanced by resistance network controller on the battery pack off balance diversion, this method can be balanced multi-cell control simple. But the balancing process in the election if the resistance is too large, the equilibrium current is too small, had little effect; If the resistance is chosen too small, the resistance power of large energy loss system big, balanced, low efficiency, high system thermal management requirements the need for temperature measurement and control.

Resistance is the principle of equilibrium in the battery charging process, when a fast battery charging, the battery voltage is higher than the other, the system balanced by controlling the switch conduction resistance of the shunt and reduce the battery charging rate, in order to achieve sections the purpose of equalizing charge the battery.

2 Implementation of protection

For the protection of lithium-ion batteries have two main methods: microprocessor control and integrated circuit chip.

2.1 IC control

The current lithium-ion battery can chip a lot of protection, foreign countries, Taiwan and mainland China have a variety of chips to choose from, the current Japanese Ricoh Seiko adopted by more programs, programs mature, the external circuit is simple, but the price is more expensive.

IC implementation of various protection features almost the same, the protection mode and the external lines are also similar, in practice may need to select a different IC. Select IC's time to consider multiple, different types of IC overcharge protection voltage is different, there is also 4.35V 4.25V, there IC's own power, whether the peripheral circuit is simple enough, the various parameters of the protection IC is meet the requirements, the volume is small enough to be considerate.

Protection board in addition to other protection function, low power consumption are also important parameters. To prevent over-discharge protection IC to detect the battery voltage, over discharge detection voltage once they reach the following, you must turn off the power MOSFET and the cut-off discharge. But this time there are natural discharge the battery itself and the protection of IC current consumption exist, so need to protect the IC to minimize current consumption, in the protection of state, the quiescent current consumption must be small 0.1uA.

Another power lithium-ion rechargeable battery pack for work or the instant when the pressure will be generated, thereby protecting IC shall meet the requirements of high pressure.

Figure 1 is a Seiko S-8254A 4-string for the protection of IC application schematic. S-8254 series built-in high accuracy voltage detection circuit and delay circuit is used for 3 or 4-cell lithium-ion or lithium polymer rechargeable battery protection IC. Switching through the SEL pin, can be used to protect three or four series cells.

Figure 1 S-8254A 4 serial protection schematic

Of course, the current battery protection IC to protect the four most common lithium-ion batteries, but many applications require more than five working lithium-ion batteries in series, such as power tools, electric bicycles and UPS, at this time how to solve it? Shown in Figure 2, the circuit can 20A/24V output power, to Seiko S-8254AAV control chip as an application example, it uses two chips in series with the protection, protection of lithium-ion battery pack 8-string, too discharge protection voltage of 2.70V +/- 0.080V, overcharge protection voltage is 4.250V +/- 0.025V.

Figure 28 Series power lithium-ion battery protection circuit

The circuit balance control with R5408 chip, a high voltage measurement accuracy, balance current up to 1A.

2.2 MCU control

Protection of some of the existing integrated circuit chips mainly for the following 4 cell battery power-saving protection, and for four or more batteries than a single-level protection can be used in series or in-chip multi-level protection IC of several series way. But the use of multiple protection chip series way more than 4 cell battery power-saving protection circuit poor scalability. Meanwhile, the integrated protection of the chip is often only for one or more of the characteristics of a class of cells, the lack of flexibility, cost often higher. This, combined with lithium-ion battery charge and discharge characteristics of lithium-ion battery power on many occasions protection circuit, using the MCU (microprocessor) as the core design.

Control various functions of the microprocessor as the core, in addition to lithium-ion battery pack provides over charge, over discharge, over-current protection, effectively within the lithium ion battery lithium single charge and discharge provide dynamic equilibrium, the temperature protection, short circuit protection, and can provide, such as capacity forecasting, communication, identification and other functions.

3 anti-interference measures of hardware

Lithium-ion battery management system as part of an application system, and are subject to various electromagnetic interference, the actual work environment is relatively poor, it was necessary hardware and wiring on the PCB board to take certain anti-interference measures.

4 Other Requirements

Because the battery is primarily used to supply the main application project, thus requiring only a very low power consumption BMS.

5 Conclusion

Lithium-ion battery power monitoring is a relatively new subject, its management system will be integrated monitoring protection technology design, with the rest of the battery pack, charge, discharge, management, and automatic maintenance and other basic functions, to achieve practical and reliable requirements.

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Patented technology into starfish Tech main power battery 2 times increase in output value

Patented technology into starfish Tech main power battery 2 times increase in output value

Science and Technology, Xiangtan University, as applied to bring the two teams patents, tech Power Battery Co., Ltd. Hunan starfish stranded after the financial crisis in the adjustment of product structure, sales were brisk in 2009, output value increased by 2 times.

Starfish few years ago, the company mainly produces lithium-ion battery miner's lamp, but also produce some lithium-ion battery for electric bicycles and motorcycles. With the advent of the financial crisis, mining industry, exports, power battery products for export are blocked, the output value in 2008 only 600 million, the situation is very grim.

Engaged in the study of lithium-ion battery, Xiangtan University, Professor Wang Xianyou leading technology teams for the company made after the pulse, the development of new energy vehicles the biggest bottleneck is the battery, the company has a good lithium-ion battery production base, there should be targeting the two most battery market prospects for development, to meet various types of electric vehicle battery power needs.

Lithium-ion battery development for existing safety, cost and cycle life of such bottlenecks, technology teams to have two patents used in the production, and made a number of production technology innovation, the costs fell Three into, extended the half cycle life, safety, and further improved, enterprises gradually out of the woods. 20Ah now successfully developed 4 kinds of specifications of the high-power lithium-ion battery, sales gratifying. Development of new electric vehicles 30Ah lithium-ion battery is the first successful development of the province, large lithium-ion battery, a number of manufacturers was well after the trial. Starfish company 18 million yuan output value in 2009 for the construction of the best year since the benefits.

Focuses on helping the future. Teams under the guidance of science and technology, the company applied for a starfish patents and the joint commitment with the Xiangtan University, the "Hunan lithium-ion battery production and research industrialization demonstration base" of the building.

Wolong Electric prices lead to lower than expected sales battery

Results slightly below expectations. In 2009, the company achieved operating income of 2.23 billion yuan, an increase of 4.46%, net profit attributable to parent company 197 million, EPS 0.7 million, an increase of 52.72%, below our expectations of 0.75 yuan.

Prices led to lower than expected sales battery. We believe that the reasons for the order cycle in 2009, lead-acid battery prices from high to low, in the second half of the battery unit shipments of 15% -20% price decline, as sales rose only 3% of the battery of the main reasons. Meanwhile, orders for delayed delivery of the end of the battery are also part of the revenue recognition had some negative impact. We expect revenue growth in 2010, the battery will be accompanied by new production capacity to achieve about 35%.

Rate of decline in cost of revenue growth led to rapid growth. In 2009, the motor business by the price decline in overseas demand and the impact appears negative growth of 11%, while the proportion of traction transformer led to increased transportation costs increase, the rate of management fees and marketing expenses were increased by 1.1% and 1.4%. We expect the next 2 years, the impact of resumed growth in income, expense ratio will decrease.

2010 motor business will quickly recover. Dual role of prices and the recovery of overseas business will be under the rapid recovery of motor, the motor business, we expect the growth rate will reach 40% year on year. At the same time, we will see the company vehicle for ABS motor new business will be the highlight.

In 2010, consolidated gross profit margin levels will remain at 20% or more. Despite the rising costs will lead to the transformer and battery respectively, gross margin of about 4% -5% decline, but the profitability of both businesses are still far better than conventional motor business, which through the product structure adjustment, the company maintained 20 % of the consolidated gross profit margin levels.

Additional projects proposed to form a new growth point. Company intends to not more than 8,000 additional shares, transformers, energy efficient small motors and large capacity lithium-ion battery project, the new project will constitute a new growth point.

Lower profit forecasts and investment ratings. We slightly reduced the company's performance forecast EPS is expected to 10,11,12 years were 0.93 yuan, 1.17 yuan and 1.45 yuan. Given the company's share price has reached our target price of 25 yuan, we downgrade from buy to overweight.

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Flat solar cells, watching the market mood quotes

Flat solar cells, watching the market mood quotes

4th Quarter of 2009 by the climate, and the module does not offer such that the arrival in 2010 and gradually decline, but the trend did not follow the lead of solar cells offer down, the battery was flat overall trend is taking the offer, mainly the battery factory orders ample capacity remains high, solar energy industry, said 1 to 2 months in addition to whether the repeated observation of market orders (Doublebooking) the circumstances, but also affect the battery of the key trends offer.

Solar industry said that the 4th quarter of 2009 by the climate in Europe, solar modules offer not so the arrival of 2010 that the first decline gradually, mainly module industry in response to market demand conditions and clearing inventory, partly as a trader clear and cut prices to sell inventory, but the price movements of non-comprehensive, in early 2010 the trend was estimated by adjusting the original price.

However, although the price of the module down, but prices are a lot of solar cells unaffected. Solar cell factory industry, said demand and capacity utilization affected by climate is limited, so large single-part response to market changes and customer demands while the cost of retrench slightly adjusted downwards.

However, the small single-part, according to circumstances and considering up the goods to the battery factory capacity utilization is still high upward adjustment of the situation, adjust the rate of about 0.1 U.S. dollars, but the different characteristics of different customer price adjustments between the Rengyi, so the overall price of solar cell market maintained unchanged.

Depending on whether the market in early 2010 still need to determine the case of repeated orders to adjust prices once the case of repeat orders more serious than originally forecast, estimate the price of solar cells will be adjusted downwards, but if the demand and the original pre- optimistic assessment of the case, forecast flat panel prices continue to remain high probability.

2009 Asian financial crisis makes low-priced products into solar PV market mainstream, leading European and American industry because the production costs competitive advantage is less than the Asian plant, making the order divergent flow to Asia, among which the solar cell is most obvious, Taiwan-based solar cell industry production capacity gradually to reach full load in Q3, China is the dominant industry is seen as the module price.

Although the early 2010 price of solar cells can maintain stable trend, but most of the battery industry that 2010 will continue to show the overall downward trend in battery price, mainly due to lower production costs, then, is the new capacity addition will come out also, supply competition will will continue to increase, especially in the first half of the mainland market in 2010 about 20 gigawatts of capacity expansion, including Suntech, Yingli, Tianwei and other orders were dished out, but the mainland, the small battery factory production to the total expansion of about 10 billion watts, The Taiwan-based battery company, including Motech, E-TON, Yu Jing, a new daylight, subjects such as Sun Microsystems in 2010, there are more than 20 gigawatts of capacity expansion plan.

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We should dare to the forefront of the industry among the world visit to the UK Group Chairman Miao Lian-sheng Lee

We should dare to the forefront of the industry among the world visit to the UK Group Chairman Miao Lian-sheng Lee

"To dare to do business among the world forefront of the industry to do product will do without me there, I have excellent, gifted people I all." November 17, this newspaper Commentator article, "breaking the shackles of inertia of thinking, Open the new world of the Industrial Structure Adjustment "was published, led to seedlings with Yingli, chairman of Health in China.

November 20, he talked about with their actual construction of the modern industrial system and the understanding of structural adjustment, and how to play the role of business in which, and revealed a new target group restructuring in 2012 --- one among the global PV industry class brand.

Hero to be a benefit: product replacement fast, six months after the general availability of high-performance batteries

Author: how do you understand the "benefits Heroes" concept? Increased competition in the photovoltaic industry to play the situation under Yingli Zhang "brand" is what?

Miao Lian-sheng: "products on the market competition, based on Hero's benefit." My words touched the most. To do business, for profit, if the realm of scholarship with a triple, then there are triple-state enterprises to make money. State relied on a heavy dummies, selling of resources, double realm is for others to do the wedding dress, others we eat meat soup, the highest level is that of the people I have, I have excellent money. Benefit from the British to see the development process in recent years, we are working towards the highest level.

In order to achieve this highest level as soon as possible, we will soon have to come up with the latest products.

Earlier this year, the Group and the National Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Germany, Tempress companies to equipment manufacturers is to develop and implement an N-type high-efficiency solar cells, "Panda program," improve stability of the cell conversion efficiency to 18%. September has completed the construction of pilot production line in June next year, all production lines will be completed before the transformation, the introduction of new products.

I: The implementation of the scheme on the British interest mean?

Lian-Sheng Miao: Yingli usher in a new era for product upgrades. We hope that the Group of high cell conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon can be increased by one percentage point per year to 20% by 2012, silicon cell efficiency from 16.5% to 18% in 2012.

For every 1% increase in battery efficiency, photovoltaic system installation costs will be reduced 5%, which will undoubtedly benefit greatly enhance the market competitiveness of the British. As stated in the article Commentator "by improving product technology content and brand, in terms of cost, functionality, price formation on the comparative advantage in order to maximize profit margins."

Author: Yingli so fast introduction of new products need to support what? Is based on what considerations?

Lian-Sheng Miao: technical support, the British domestic and foreign interest in addition to high-end technology with the team, but also within the group established a "great technical team" system for each employee the opportunity for technical innovation.

We have been seeking simple, effective technology transfer route in the shortest possible time to bring the latest technology into products to market. The "technology licensing" to "product brand" will always stand on high-end industrial technology.

The pursuit of "technology is king": the game rule-making and provide national standards for polysilicon production

I: Now Yingli PV industry where domestic and international situation is grim, some say excess domestic production capacity of polysilicon, and recently Yingli sixty-nine Silicon trial production, which is how your understanding and consideration?

Lian-Sheng Miao: any time there are not always the state of the market situation is excellent. Competition, the market turbulence, and can be "one who has mastered advanced technologies, competition in the market who have the right to speak to, control over, the initiative" is the same.

Sixty-nine silicon industry is based on advanced technology, our products will greatly reduce the cost and power consumption, higher product quality, which is the company to constantly adjust product structure, accurately determine the direction of a move of industrial upgrading.

In addition, recently the Ministry of Information Industry and other relevant departments related meetings held in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the meeting concluded that current domestic production of polysilicon, and can not meet the actual needs of the photovoltaic industry, the so-called excess capacity refers to the backward production capacity.

I: Does this mean the state should limit the capacity of backward? Yingli which will play what role?

Lian-Sheng Miao: backward is necessary for industrial development, which requires as soon as possible the relevant industrial policies and national standards. These days, we should be asked relevant ministries, have sixty-nine Silicon polysilicon production costs, process, technology and other relevant data were reported.

In a few days, the Ministry of Industry and other ministries will go to sixty-nine three silicon industry research, is to national standards and industry guidance polysilicon introduction of the policy for final preparations. Sixty-nine Silicon polysilicon production is expected to provide national standards.

In the "technology is king" era, as if we can be like Haier, "through the continuous improvement of scientific and technological innovation, the industry technical standards setters, and do the enterprise above the industry standard and national standards," then the competition in the market in, you can be invincible.

Call of innovation environment: enterprise line with the world advanced level, government support to move really, the real trick

I: A Review of Yingli development path over the years, you think that structural adjustment as the main enterprises in the modern industrial system, Build target needs attention?

Miao Lian-sheng: I want to tell you that restructuring is not a mystery. Enterprises like vegetables, if you just kind of cabbage, not to sell some money, enterprises must use our brains, kind of fine food, seed-season vegetables. So as to have high value-added products in order to achieve profitable growth.

At the same time, you should always pay attention to the world the latest developments in the industry, can not just be satisfied with is the boss in the country, but also in the "R & D, manufacturing (production), management" in all aspects, with the same advanced level of standards before a full line.

Companies in emerging industries do not Tandaqiuquan, to technology, management, operation on the slow accumulation of experience. This requires the Hebei entrepreneurs have enough patience, a little less complaining and a little more persistence.

I: What do you think the innovation process, companies most need the government to do?

Lian-Sheng Miao: enterprise development certainly can not do without government support, one is in the land, tax, approval to provide convenient and efficient service, on the other, innovative entrepreneurs mobilize the initiative and creativity. Corporate profitability, the risks may be reluctant to engage in technological innovation, investment and a lot of money do not want to engage in technological upgrading, companies lose money when there is no capital may engage in technological innovation, this time to require the Government to take effective measure.

In addition, I would like to be reminded that the Government can consider doing in the performance evaluation part of the article, can foster new, forward-looking industry, how many to go into the evaluation system. Now the Government's efforts to eliminate backward into the examination, as the province of the "double thirty," the assessment methods, and is a good practice.

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