Bump three yuan precursor production line started to prove safety of new energy solutions for automotive battery materials

Bump three yuan precursor production line started to prove safety of new energy solutions for automotive battery materials

Recently, in the field of waste battery recycling has been dormant for five years of Bump announced the group's cycle Science Park - cycle Bump Technology Co., Ltd. Hunan own R & D of lithium-ion battery ternary composites precursor production line was started, annual output will reach 1,500 tons, which means that waste battery recycling Bump to the input to the output of high-end storage battery materials circulation industry roadmap has been formally opened, and to achieve the next stage of the new energy automotive battery materials solution has laid a solid foundation.

It is understood Bump has completed the "Utilization of used batteries project" Science and Technology Park, the whole cycle of a project building three production lines, namely, nickel wire, and ternary cobalt-wire line. Cobalt-nickel wire which line was able to produce up to 2009, cobalt, nickel product is already fully market. Recently, the ternary Bump just completed production line is mainly dealing with ternary spent lithium-ion batteries and cathode materials, nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide production (cell level), ternary material 130 tons per month.

Danone has been coupled with a comprehensive line of nickel and cobalt production lines Bump the current system in the Hunan-based products will be fully covered by the general precursor materials used rechargeable batteries market. Bump from the recycling of used batteries from the industry, and the physical layer by layer to get through the decomposition of waste batteries, wet, fire, law, chemistry and metallurgy processing channel, and developed its own unique high-end storage battery materials synthesis technology to realize the secondary battery into the battery waste material recycling mode. This shows that the Bump is a potential for new energy vehicles to provide a true sense of the economic model of the raw material recycling solutions.

China's solar industry and strive to break through technical barriers

At present, China's solar industry had previously been dependent on exports, but under the influence of the economic crisis, are turning to the growing Chinese domestic market. As of January 2010, China has more than 10 domestic large-scale power stations start 1MW and above, in the future there will be more projects ready for implementation. The industry's attitude is "thin-film solar cells on the active challenge, and strive to overcome technical barriers." For businesses with their own technology, the field there is a huge business opportunity.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China in 2020, the amount of solar power into making a bold prediction: "will greatly exceed 20GW, also is expected to reach 200G ~ 500GW".

Reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel cell catalysts Bacheng

Technical University of Berlin researchers and scholars from the United States jointly developed a new platinum alloy, this new catalyst could save a lot of precious metals platinum, so that the chemical reaction of hydrogen fuel cell cost reduction 80%, the results of this study published in the latest issue of "natural chemical" magazine.

As one of the new clean energy hydrogen fuel cell, in addition to an alternative to traditional diesel and gasoline engines, but also widely used in power supplies, and portable electronic devices such as notebook computers. Hydrogen fuel cell works is an electrochemical process is actually in the process combining hydrogen and oxygen, releasing electricity and water will not cause any pollution to the environment. To make this process fast and efficient, you need a lot of precious metal platinum as a catalyst. However, platinum materials are expensive and scarce resources is, therefore, the development of hydrogen fuel cell research is the key to efficient low-cost alternative to platinum catalyst.

The researchers mixed the platinum and copper, and then removed from the platinum-copper alloy part copper, only a few nanometers in diameter spherical platinum catalyst particles of copper, platinum and copper particles inside this spherical copper, shell is only a few atoms thick platinum , thereby greatly reducing the amount of platinum used. The researchers confirmed that the copper-platinum metal by removal of part of the mix and the process of copper, platinum can make the surface of the catalyst alloy particle density of the arrangement of atoms much closer than the average platinum. This unusual structure of these particles reduces the oxygen atoms binding to make platinum alloy catalysts with better performance than the pure platinum catalyst, hydrogen fuel cell manufacturers to greatly reduce the cost.

The researchers further tests proved that the surface of platinum catalyst changes in the structure, you can optimize the catalytic activity. The project leader Peter Strasser pointed out that similar structural changes also apply to other precious metals, precious metals used to reduce the cost of the chemical process of universal significance. Researchers will further study other non-precious metals platinum and a combination of effects, in order to find a more excellent performance of the catalyst.

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Users can not replace the iPhone battery

users can not replace the iPhone battery

Chinese companies for the introduction of Apple's iPhone, how to replace the battery issue, insiders said that this was mainly due to the special design of the iPhone battery, users can not replace the battery, replace the battery 710 yuan as the price is reasonable, it can not be said clear, but Apple's advance notice is the right move.

users can not replace the iPhone battery

Prior to the July 8, Apple China published in Chinese information, saying "if only because the iPhone battery storage capacity required the lowering of service, Apple could help solve, but when the iPhone will be in maintenance fee."

The service should be targeted at China Unicom version of the iPhone. Apple China explained that the information published, by accident or damage resulting from improper use of the iPhone can not enjoy this service.

Meanwhile, Apple China warned that the repair process will erase all data on the iPhone. Sync your iPhone with iTunes to back up contacts, photos, email account settings, text messages, and more, it is very important. If the repair process of the loss of information caused by iPhone, Apple is not responsible. In addition, Apple does not offer any data transfer service.

In this regard, there are familiar with the industry, said the iPhone, iPhone cell phone battery problem is an old problem, which was mainly due to a special iPhone battery design, users can not replace the battery, if the serious depletion of the battery, it needs to be sent to Apple repair .

Advance notice to replace the battery once charged 710 yuan

Apple said the Chinese company's information, the battery replacement cost, including taxes and fees, including a total of 710 yuan.

About the cost is high or normal, this does not clear, because Apple's products have always been expensive, such as an apple wireless keyboard to 628 yuan, while the Dell's wireless keyboard is also just 100 yuan; a function with the Apple Remote and Mic Ear Headphones have 628 yuan, but in fact very stylish Motorola headset as long as 100 yuan; an apple LCD computer monitor to 7998 yuan, compared with most brands of laptops are more expensive.

Earlier, in the United States, had sued the user to Oakland, California federal district court complaint said the iPhone battery charge and discharge has been scrapped after about 300, a battery usage time is usually less than a year.

Apple on its Web site later opened a special column to tell consumers how to extend iPhone battery life. "If you properly use and maintain, an iPhone battery after 400 full charge and discharge can maintain after the 80 percent of capacity," Apple website claims that "if the battery is fully charged batteries can not meet the need, you may consider replacing the battery . "

Battery leakage ignition police houses struggling to put out the sea crossing

April 19, Ma Po Tsuen, a county in South Australia fire houses, police officers and soldiers of fortune in the sea to discover and hard efforts, the fire losses to a minimum.

15 am that day, marine police detachment of the Second Brigade soldiers Weihong two driving tankers filled with water from the deep Australian town and returned to camp on the way, when the car driving to Ma Po Village, he saw smoke billowing smoke roadside houses. Chen Weihong immediately stop and found the fire growing and full of trees and houses nearby, if not extinguished, the consequences would be disastrous. So he flew back to tanker water, and rushed into the fire, but also calling to help the fire to nearby residents. After nearly thirty minutes of an emergency rescue, fire was promptly extinguished, do not lead to large losses of property and personnel.

It is understood that the storage of all flammable house, house a brand new motorcycle, asparagus, some fishing nets and some of the production tools were destroyed, the economic losses amounting to more than seven thousand yuan. According to Mr. Cheng said the house owner, motorcycle ignition is due to leakage caused when charging the battery.

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Bad cell phone battery great danger to consumers to carefully

Bad cell phone battery great danger to consumers to carefully

Lee recently purchased a brand telecommunications Street, the original battery, but useless a few days, Mr. Lee discovered that the battery power so quickly day for one charge, but there swelling of the battery case. Find a knowledgeable friend to look, do not know to buy original goods. Lee told friends, fortunately discovered early, or else do not know what will happen dangerous situation! It is understood that the market is flooded with counterfeit mobile phone batteries, these batteries are of poor quality of the chip, the charge is insufficient, the discharge time is short, anti-sabotage and poor performance problems. Therefore, consumers must be cautious when mobile phone battery purchase.

See touch feel distinguish the authenticity of the appearance of

Mobile Zhongshan Jin Cui Peng branch sales manager to remind the general public, in addition to some people because they are inexpensive and buy fake batteries, many people are paying the money you spent to buy a fake, in fact, as long as the purchase process, the several Road closed, it can buy genuine batteries.

In general, the battery label printing technology with the second, in a certain light, from the slope of view, part of the color bar significantly darker than other parts, and the hand feels, feeling slightly convex than the rest, many are original battery have this characteristic. Genuine battery label at the surface of white light with a metal program, similar to a pencil across the traces. Battery casing made of special material, very strong, difficult to damage, under normal circumstances is not easy to open the battery case, battery neat appearance, no extra burr, the outer surface has some roughness, but feel comfortable, feel smooth inner surface, light can see fine vertical scratches. In addition, the battery manufacturers should be clean cut, good brightness and security signs, three-dimensional look.

Maintenance is also important

In addition to buy a good battery outside the battery usage and maintenance is also very important, Suning Appliance Service Minister on the Ministry of Zhang Yuanlin, correct maintenance methods can not only extend the battery life, can also prevent cell phone due to battery failure caused by short circuit situation.

Zhang Yuanlin said, in order to extend battery life, battery charging time is generally no more than the necessary charge period (5-7 hours). For the memory effect of battery, each battery should be used up before charging. Otherwise, the battery memory effect, greatly reducing battery life. In addition, the battery accidentally been dropped or if the impact is too heavy, do not rush to charge, be sure to check the battery case for cracks, charging the battery case temperature is unusual attention, in order to avoid damage caused by the internal protection circuit accident.

Baoding start building Asia's largest production base of battery separators

April 16, Baoding Fengfan battery separator Industrial Park officially started construction of the project is completed, will become Asia's largest battery separator production line.

According to reports, this project is the "2010 China Power Valley (Hong Kong) Fair," one of the items signed by Baoding Sailing Co., Ltd. and the British Rising Group, Johnson Controls Inc. to jointly invest 457 million yuan to build eight battery separators production line. When completed, capacity will reach 100 million square meters, the annual sales income of 543 million yuan, annual profits of 134.29 million yuan, the company Baoding Fengfan (from Baoding Sailing Co., Ltd. jointly established with the British Rising Group) to become the largest in Asia, world's third largest high molecular weight polyethylene battery separator (PE separators) manufacturer.

In recent years, Hebei Baoding is committed to building the "China Power Valley." 2010, the Baoding National High-tech Zone plans to implement 98 key projects with a total investment of nearly $ 50 billion to create "eco-electricity Valley, low-carbon Metro."

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China solar cell industry

China solar cell industry

China's solar cell production to the rapid trend continues to expand in 2009 to 4382MW, estimated at more than 40% of the world. On has become the world's largest producer, and in the future will continue to expand in China solar cell industry, the author's interviews in China according to reports regularly. This paper intends to adopt in March 2010 held in Shanghai "SOLARCONChina2010" and set up a meeting and exhibition, the reader interpret the status of China solar cell industry and future development.

Solar Exhibition "SOLARCONChina2010" and set up the meeting and its "6th CSPV (ChinaSoGSiliconandPVPowerConference)" March 16, 2010 - 18 in Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC) hold. Not only will the field be seen out of the global economic crisis is the growing momentum of China's solar cell industry outlook, can read its future development.

2009 annual output of 4GW, more than 40% of global share

At the opening ceremony, Industry and Information Technology Department of Electronic Information Division, said Wang Bo, "China's solar cell production in 2009 reached 4382MW".

In 2008 more than 30 percent global share of China's solar cell production has been of concern to many people in the industry. Although the official 2009 global production has not been announced, but production in China over 4GW of view, many share the view that "more than 40% of global share."

Multi-crystalline Si production will expand

With the 2008 Si prices fell sharply in the past has been free to set foot in the multi-crystalline Si solar cell production with the disorder, has been gradually restricted. As a result, prices become stable in Si at the same time, the industry also began to have a down to earth feel.

On the other hand, taking into account the long-term growth, the Si production in China can only meet market demand in China is also about half. Therefore, the will to focus on long-term growth initiatives. Wang Bo, "the government is studying the company access to multi-crystalline Si production base, scheduled to be announced shortly."

On the production side, a number of equipment manufacturers at the show and set up the meeting and released to increase the capacity of multi-crystalline Si ingot furnace technology. Release device can be changed from its original capacity of 500kg to 800kg. Efforts in production, coupled with the orderly growth of government support for industry, Si crystal production in the future is also expected to continue to expand.

Thin-film solar cells are also steadily

China's solar cell industry, although in a previous production of crystalline solar cells, driven by rapid expansion, in fact, China's thin-film Si and CIGS thin film solar cells, the same can be said positively. Involved in thin-film Si solar cell manufacturing business for almost 60. Which is not only to their own technology based companies, but also a package of (Turn-Key) to import equipment to start business enterprises.

But in this exhibition, in addition to Zhejiang Chint Solar (Astronergy) active display and publicity, other vendors, only Baoding Tianwei Group (BaodingTianWeiGroup) and Best Solar tech (BestSolar) exhibited a few companies such as a thin-film Si solar cell panels. From manufacturers in meeting the release situation, although the thin-film Si-based manufacturing costs in general lower than about 10% crystalline, but the current conversion efficiency is low, not enough confrontation crystalline competitiveness.

About CIGS solar cells, universities, research institutes and enterprises and an important figure in setting the meeting brought together, launched a focused discussion. Although CIGS-based thin-film Si-based compared with is expected to achieve high conversion efficiency and low manufacturing costs, but acknowledged there are stability problems, currently under development.

Overall, the industry's attitude was "thin-film solar cells on the active challenge, and strive to overcome technical barriers." Although some companies did not participate in the show, but has used its own technology rather than importing expensive equipment, began producing low-cost thin-film Si solar cells. It can be said for companies with own technology, the field there is a huge business opportunity.

Attention turned to the Chinese domestic market

China's solar industry had previously been dependent on exports, but under the influence of the economic crisis, are turning to the growing Chinese domestic market. As of January 2010, China has more than 10 domestic large-scale power stations start 1MW and above, in the future there will be more projects ready for implementation.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China in 2020, the amount of solar power into making a bold prediction: "will greatly exceed 20GW, also is expected to reach 200G ~ 500GW".

Hitachi R & D long-lasting battery life of up to 10

Hitachi said today that it has developed a technique to enhance the lithium-ion batteries double the life of the methods for the cell cathode to improve the use of manganese materials for the battery life of up to 10 years, reducing the replacement battery brought costs.

Long-lasting lithium-ion battery is widely used, such as wind turbines can be used to store excess energy, but also can enhance the portable electronic product life cycle.

Before, Apple has released a way to make MacBook and MacBook Pro repeated charge life of up to 5 years.

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Battery installed on the wall made the sun into electricity

Battery installed on the wall made the sun into electricity

Urban and rural construction is to build energy saving Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone in the inevitable requirement is related to the sustainable economic and social development and people's vital interests. Yesterday, reporter learned from relevant departments of the province, urban and rural construction in our province this year, pushing the energy saving project, this will promote building-integrated photovoltaic solar energy.

Construction of energy-saving and environmentally friendly housing

is understood, promote energy conservation projects, starting with the start on building energy efficiency. The province will accelerate the "five" building energy efficiency plan for the study and formulate policies and measures to promote civil energy. Promote the modernization of housing industry, construction, energy-saving and environmentally friendly housing.

Meanwhile, energy, water, materials, land and resource use and development of recycling economy, reduce the urban-rural construction in the resources and energy consumption. Be enforced for all new buildings energy-efficient design, energy-saving construction of the national standard, to become part of the construction of green buildings. Vigorously promote energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.

Promote building-integrated solar

photovoltaic industry in our province is the province, to advantage, and concerted efforts to promote building-integrated photovoltaic solar energy, as the province of industrial restructuring and economic transformation and upgrading of strategic focus. Reporters learned that the solar building integrated photovoltaic components is to use alternative building materials, applied to the construction of roofs, walls, and the conversion of sunlight into clean electricity.

Made in our province, the solar photovoltaic building construction field as promoting scientific and technological progress and implementation of building energy efficiency an important, well-prepared implementation plan PV building applications, the development of relevant policy measures. All aspects of technology integration, strengthen the photovoltaic building demonstration projects of technical support services and public administration. Full industrial policy, economic policy and financial capital leverage, the formation of government guidance and market operation mechanism for promoting.

Continue to strengthen the sewage and garbage treatment facilities

Continue to strengthen the construction of sewage disposal facilities, while promoting the transformation of the old city sewer. Speed up the county sewage treatment plant concession contract to sell the work, efforts to achieve early transfer, the transfer early, put into operation early, early to benefit. Strengthen the supervision of sewage treatment facilities to run, try running the load of sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment rate reached 70%.

Accelerate the construction of waste disposal facilities, respectively, in Nanchang and Jiujiang build a regional garbage disposal facilities, the new 500 town garbage disposal facilities in rural areas, and strive to urban life garbage treatment rate of 65%, one-third of the two of the county to achieve garbage treatment.

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Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will become the second front in its own brand

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will become the second front in its own brand

"Our research and development of hydrogen fuel cell prototype vehicle more advanced level of performance can be said that the international advanced level, but compared to the leader of the international level there is a large gap." Professor Wang Binggang that "this is a more objective evaluation. "king of the National Clean Vehicle Action Coordination Leading Group Expert Group, the 863" energy-saving and new energy vehicles, "Major Project Office appointed expert.

"Energy saving and new energy vehicles," a major high-tech project office is the Division of Science and Technology (863 Program Office of modern transport technology) under the jurisdiction of the project management agency.

Over one billion yuan by the state development funds to support the stimulation of domestic auto companies eager to join the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research ranks.

In addition to SAIC, Chery, etc. in the "15" during the participation in R & D enterprise, the Foton has joined. SAIC also from the field of hydrogen fuel cell car into the passenger area.

Mainly short board - hydrogen fuel cell life

Research and development in hydrogen fuel cell car, the Roewe 750 as the basis of "Shanghai" brand fuel cell car is the fourth-generation Chinese-developed hydrogen fuel cell cars, China now represents the most advanced level. The hydrogen fuel cell power system by the Shanghai Fuel Cell Vehicle Powertrain Co., Ltd. developed.

And third-generation fuel cell vehicle "Beyond the Three" compared to "Shanghai" brand fuel cell cars, vehicle dynamic performance more robust and efficient. 0-100 km acceleration from 19 seconds to 15 seconds, one-time continuous hydrogen charging mileage extended from 230 km 300 km, maximum speed from 120 km to 150 km. In addition, its higher degree of integration, vehicle stability, reliability has also been further improved.

Also equipped with a fourth-generation power system of the Shanghai Volkswagen Passat, Chery Eastar have a top speed of 150 km, 0-100km acceleration time of less than 15 seconds, filling a hydrogen gas can travel 300 kilometers, these performance did not differ much with the international advanced level.

In addition, the Dongfeng Motor have also entered the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In August 2004, Dongfeng Motor in Wuhan Polytechnic University, the Elysee as a platform, developed a hydrogen fuel cell car - "Chutian One." It is equipped with a 25 kilowatts hydrogen fuel cells as power, top speed of 103 km, but the mileage is shorter.

Hydrogen fuel cell bus research and development, in early 2002, Tsinghua University as the lead unit, and Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Beijing Bus Plant's five units of the overall group, bear country "15" 863 fuel cell city bus developed by the project. Tsinghua University has set up a Beijing Qing Hua Tong Technology Development Co., Ltd. as the industrial carrier.

At present, the latest hydrogen fuel cell bus maximum speed of 90 km / h, a hydrogenation maximum mileage of 300 km, the engine power output of 100 kilowatts. Compared with international advanced level there is a large gap.

November 15, 2007, China's commercial fuel cell bus demonstration project started the second period, Shanghai will be bidding for three to six conditions of Shanghai city bus fuel cell buses, a two-year model run.

Experts suggest that China has independently developed a fuel cell bus, the Chinese government has invested a lot of money. Abroad, the high price of fuel cell buses in order to promote China's policies and regulations to establish standards, suggested that China's fuel cell bus demonstration runs can also be added to the ranks.

In the engine, vehicle control technology, the level of domestic and international advanced level despite the differences, but this is not the most important development of hydrogen fuel cells difficult. The key problem lies in hydrogen fuel cell and battery life issues.

Wang Binggang said that currently the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell is still life 2000 hours, well below the international seven or eight thousand hours. Battery life of less than 2 years, while Japan is the most advanced 3 to 5 years.

It is worth noting that multinational companies have been involved in a domestic fuel cell vehicles.

The second approach - collaboration with multinational

In 2004, SAIC and GM signed a strategic cooperation framework for clean energy automobile agreement, both sides reached an agreement: general "Hydrogen III" hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from the first quarter of 2005 in China, a two-year model run. General Motors in 2002 introduced the "Hydrogen-III", based on the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in GM's North American and German engineering staff under the guidance of a range of integration, and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center will be responsible for the car future operation and maintenance.

In 2001, SAIC and GM China's Shanghai joint venture between Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center, with regard to the Buick GL8 introduced a prototype fuel cell vehicle called the Phoenix.

2005 Fuel Cell Bus Commercialization in China demonstration project bidding, SAIC, General Motors has supported to participate in the project bid and offer was GM's most advanced fuel cell drive system. At present, Shanghai Volkswagen's Passat has been produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and will participate in Beijing during the Olympic Games transport services.

Wang, former vice president of SAIC major general said, because the commitment of some 863 colleges and universities and not in time to seize the latest international technology trends, so SAIC's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research and development is not entirely rely on 863, but also cooperation with multinational companies .

SAIC did not disclose the parties concerned in the development of aspects of what kind of cooperation. However, the reporter has learned that domestic enterprises in the electronic engine control, vehicle control technologies, both traditional energy sources, or new energy vehicles, in collaboration with multinational companies, such as co-developed with Bosch electronic engine control technology .

Reporters noted that SAIC and GM's agreement also includes "the development of China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to contribute to standards and rules," such provisions. So, do not rule out the use of SAIC GM hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China to influence standards.

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Lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the demand pull

Lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the demand pull

Rising gasoline prices and increased consumer awareness of green has been the global automotive industry to re-examine its drive systems, rechargeable lithium-ion battery has become a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application of technology to the fore.

Analysts pointed out that from the viewpoint of the face of near-zero emission, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a lithium battery sales in 2015 expected to exceed $ 500 million.

Currently, Rockwood Holdings, Chile Sociedad Quimicay Minera (SQM) Inc. and FMC Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of lithium, lithium has been a lot of its effectiveness due to new applications.

1 Li-ion battery development prospects

Lithium in the lithium-ion battery applications has been recognized. The first phase of the cell phone application, each cell required about 1 / 10 ounce of lithium carbonate. The second stage is the application of portable computers, mobile phones required the use of lithium carbonate is about 10 times.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using lithium batteries, lithium required for the laptop with more than 100 times the amount of lithium.

Lithium-ion battery performance is expected to play a key HEV, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using the combustion engine and two electric drive system. HEV systems, including plug-in hybrid (PHEV), the system in use before the combustion engine, for storing enough power, battery power can be driven by a certain distance. In addition, the pure electric vehicle (EV) do not set the combustion engine, rely on battery power drive. Lithium-ion batteries is expected to make plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to the price and performance compared to natural gas-powered car to be.

Although Nickel - Metal Hydride battery has been used in most of the HEV, but the battery and lithium-ion batteries compared to the chemical manufacturing, power larger and smaller. Toyota's Prius hybrid electric vehicle GM nickel - metal hydride battery-powered. Toyota said that by 2010 annual sales of 1 million hybrid vehicles.

Chemical manufacturers' investment plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) present opportunities for development. Rockwood has developed a proprietary technology conductive lithium salt, lithium salt of this conductive battery chemistry can help overcome some of the challenges. SQM with Europe, Japan, Korea and the U.S. producer cathode formed a commercial alliance to develop cars with lithium-ion batteries.

However, the auto industry into the mass production of HEV are still in the initial stage, the amount of lithium car battery is still small. Strong growth in other end-user demand and the right price, will continue to support lithium demand.

According to the forecast of Bank of America, Kevin McCarthy, HEV lithium battery sales will grow to approximately $ 600 million in 2015. Analysis, HEV lithium-there are more long-term development opportunities. It is estimated that by 2010 sales of about one million hybrid electric vehicles, 2015 sales will double. Kevin McCarthy is expected to Bank of America, 2015, revenues lithium battery consumption will account for nearly half the amount of electric vehicle batteries, lithium from 2007 total revenues of less than 1% in 2015 accounted for 1 / 4.

Rockwood company in 2007 from lithium carbonate, lithium metal and lithium compounds derived from the total revenue of about $ 450 million. FMC Corporation's lithium in 2007 sales of $ 210 million. And Rockwood's similar, FMC produced lithium carbonate and special general downstream lithium products. SQM is the world's leading manufacturer of lithium carbonate, in 2007 from the lithium and lithium derivatives revenues of $ 179.8 million.

Battery and pharmaceutical end-users together accounted for Rockwood's lithium supply about 40%. Analysts believe that the near term, demand for lithium pharmaceutical sector will be mainly affected by strong demand for butyl lithium and other battery applications of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate and demand driven.

Lithium battery consumption with HEV production is no great demand in the case has shown double-digit rates of growth. 2007 nearly 20% growth in demand expected in the medium term will continue to be higher than the growth rate of 10%.

In addition to battery applications, the speed of growth in the medium term, there was grease, oil with lithium hydroxide, glass objects and glass fusion with lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate and other air conditioning.

With lithium-ion HEV battery power accelerating into the commercial market, Johnson Controls-Saft battery company in January 2007 in France, the world's first large-scale production of the HEV battery production plant, and has been produced with Class Mercedes hybrid electric vehicle sign Lithium-ion battery supply contract, Class hybrid electric vehicles in commercial production in early 2009. Japan's NEC Electronics to the 2009 annual production of 13,000 lithium-ion batteries by 2010 will expand production to 6.5 million units, to apply to the Nissan hybrid electric vehicles.

Some car manufacturers use lithium-ion battery-powered hybrid electric vehicle program being developed. Tesla Motors was the United States in March 2008 to begin production 2008 Tesla Roadster hybrid electric vehicles, will launch the 2009 models. Toyota and Matsushita's joint venture Panasonic EV Energy Company in 2009 limited production vehicle lithium-ion batteries in 2010, will shift to mass production.

Other lithium-ion battery manufacturers, including South Korea's LG Chemical Company, the Company and Hyundai Motor Co. signed a contract, from July 2009 onwards the company Accent hybrid electric vehicle supply lithium-ion battery. Saturn's PHEV and GM Volt EV mass production in 2010. Sanyo Electric Company will begin production of 1.5 to 20,000 / year lithium ion battery for HEV use in 2011. Volkswagen's hybrid electric cars in 2010 using the Sanyo Electric Company lithium-ion battery technology.

2009 lithium-ion rechargeable battery market was formally established. This is because Japan and overseas car manufacturers have started in the passenger cars on the lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Manufacturers in Japan, Toyota Motor, Fuji Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors has decided to adopt, and in Europe, Daimler also said that use. In addition, Nissan, Audi, General Motors is also ready to use in 2010.

Decided to hybrid (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) performance of the most important changes will occur rechargeable batteries. Reason is that Toyota, Nissan and other Japanese top manufacturers launched later in 2009 with a lithium-ion rechargeable battery models.

Objects involved in HEV, EV, plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and other fields. Toyota said it will start in 2009 in a subsidiary - Panasonic EV Energy small batch production for the PHEV lithium-ion rechargeable battery, start mass production in 2010.

2000 "Tino Hybrid" style on the first lithium-ion rechargeable battery with Nissan in 2010 with mass production of lithium-ion rechargeable battery HEV and EV. HEV is scheduled for rear-wheel drive car, the gearbox is now open and the tap in the baggage compartment is equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery. The batteries will be Nissan and NEC, NEC Tokin, a joint venture Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) provides.

In addition to Toyota, Nissan, other major vendors are also expected to use lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Fuji Heavy Industries, mass production scheduled in 2009 to "Plugin Stella Concept" for the prototype EV, Nissan will be the same car, using the AESC manufactured batteries. In addition, Mitsubishi Motors will also purchase and GS Yuasa Corporation (GS Yuasa) and other joint venture Lithium Energy Japan (LEJ) made battery, in 2009, mass production EV "i MiEV".

Honda plans new HEV models added in 2009, and in 2010 in the "Fit" in additional HEV models, but has not yet shown on the HEV in the general use of lithium-ion rechargeable battery. However, the company in November 2008 in Japan began to rent out the fuel cell hybrid vehicle "FCX Clarity" is equipped with a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, replace the capacitors had been used.

Overseas manufacturers, the Volkswagen Group in Germany scheduled for 2010 Audi listing HEV, including lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, Sanyo Electric Co. will start mass production from 2009. The General Motors decision to the HEV market in 2010, the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries will also be Hitachi Vehicle Energy (Hitachi Vehicle Energy) from the end of 2009 mass production.

2 lithium production increase continuously

Rockwood, SQM, and FMC's lithium production accounted for about 3 / 4, some of China's lithium production of small producers account for about 1 / 4. SQM's production is about 35% of the global lithium carbonate supply. Rockwood's specialty chemicals business through its Department of Chemetall's lithium carbonate about 30% of world production, and FMC Corporation production accounts for about 5% to 10%.

In 2009, the world's lithium resources consumption is 8 tons, is expected after 5 years, the United States alone 10 million lithium car demand will consume 10 million tons of lithium resources. Since 2005, lithium prices soaring by more than 10 million per ton in November 2009 rose to more than 60 million per ton.

In 2008 the world production of lithium (in lithium carbonate equivalents) estimated at 80,000 tons / year. The status of the global lithium carbonate industry, the resource threshold high, capacity is highly concentrated. As of the end of 2008, total global demand of about 95,000 tons of lithium carbonate, a major international manufacturer of Chile's SQM, FMC and the United States, Germany Chemtall total annual capacity of 79,000 tons, accounting for 80% of global market share. Since large-scale production of lithium carbonate enterprises must have abundant reserves of lithium salt lake resources, mining rights, which makes the resources of the industry with higher barriers to entry; the other hand, the vast majority of the world's resources are high magnesium salt of lithium-based low- , and from high-Mg low lithium brine separation of lithium carbonate purification technology is very difficult, just before these technologies lies in the hands of a few foreign companies, which makes lithium carbonate industry, but also provides many technical barriers. Therefore, creating a global lithium carbonate industry oligopoly structure.

Three major supplier of lithium from the "Li-triangle" (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile) to produce lithium brine storage. SQM and Rockwood's from the Salar de Atacama region of Chile production of lithium, the advantage of lithium at high concentrations and high evaporation rates, in the production process can use solar energy. In addition to outside of South America, Rockwood companies are Silver Peak, Nevada, brine production by lithium.

FMC Corporation from Salar de Hombre Muerto in Argentina storage of brine in the production of lithium, a filtration process, the filtration process faster, but higher costs than other processes.

Previously, Li Li-hui quarry sediments from the extract. Through this process, however, to produce, due to low purity, require multiple extraction steps and is energy-intensive process. China is now only used in the production of spodumene from a large number of lithium carbonate.

South America's storage capacity is still expanding. SQM's lithium carbonate production capacity being from 3 million tons / year expanded to the third quarter of 2008, about 40,000 tons / year. If market demand is strong, will also be expansion to 60,000 tons / year.

Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia has about 5.5 million tons of lithium storage.

Admiralty Resources Inc. plans to develop Argentina's northern Rincon Salara brine mine, mine has 10,500 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent. All the world's supply of lithium carbonate production will be about 20%. The company's goal is to put into production in 2009. 50 tons / year pilot plant was put into operation in April 2008.

Present from the "Li-triangle" of economic production of lithium is still a big cost advantage. However, rising prices are contributing to the development of lithium storage outside of South America. Norwegian mining company Nordic lithium in Finland through the acquisition of development projects for Europe's first manufacturer of lithium battery industry. The company expects production in Finland in 2013 3300 tons / year of lithium carbonate. Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA has the prospects for the development of lithium brine mine, Black Pearl, including mining companies will develop in California, Nevada and Utah's Great Basin, including lithium brine mine.

The first 20 years, Chinese manufacturers have also implemented a production. China in 2007, total world lithium market is about 1 / 4. The next 2-5 years, China will greatly expand capacity, production capacity is expected to have more than doubled.

Lithium-ion battery sources of raw materials in China is extremely broad. China is the world's lithium resources in the country, especially in the salt lake in Qinghai and Tibet have a lot of lithium resources, development of Salt Lake not only for low-cost lithium-ion battery materials, but also conducive to the development of the western region. At the same time, manganese, iron, vanadium, and phosphorus-rich resources in China are. Permanent magnet synchronous motor with a small, light weight and high efficiency characteristics, and China is big country of rare earth permanent magnetic materials for lithium-electric cars provided the material guarantee.

China has been found in the Qaidam Basin, lithium brine mine, but China mine brine concentration is low, so that China's lithium production SQM and Rockwood price than the company to more than double.

Lithium Salt Lake in independent research, provides technical and production process of magnesium on the basis of some of China's large industrial enterprises in recent years in the Saline Salt Lake and began building the depths of the Qaidam Basin, lithium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and other chemical production base. Current domestic production of lithium carbonate mining company focused on Tibet, CITIC Guoan, Western Mining Group, Qinghai Salt Lake Group, the four companies, and mining in Tibet and CITIC Guoan has accounted for the majority, the two companies in 2008 lithium carbonate Total output of not more than 4,000 tons.

October 12, 2009, Toyota Tsusho Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Toyota Tsusho) and China CITIC Guoan Information Industry Co., Ltd. (CITIC Guoan) signed a letter of intent, the two sides will cooperate in the production and sale of battery grade lithium carbonate and downstream products . Toyota Tsusho is the Toyota Group in automotive related business trading company; CITIC Guoan is a listed company CITIC Group, the West now has taijnar Qinghai Salt Lake, an area of ​​570 square kilometers, is a liquid lithium-based mining large deposits of lithium carbonate in resources outstanding. This is a new signal that the competition of new energy vehicles have been advancing to the upstream resources.

China Tibet Economic Commission announced in late August 2008, Tibet will expand the resource base of China's largest lithium Zabuye Salt Lake, their investment will reach 1.084 billion yuan. After the completion of the project, annual sales income will reach 639 million yuan, profits of 200 million yuan. The expansion project will be a lithium salt and 5,000 tons / year, based on the construction of the lithium salt 20,000 tons / year, lithium chloride, 5,000 tons / year, lithium 500 tons / year high purity lithium 200 tons / year, material of lithium 30 tons / year and other lithium compounds, 490 tons / year production capacity. Salt Lake is located in Xigaze Zabuye Zhongba County, is the world's known resources of more than three lithium salt is one megaton of large, its surface brine, intergranular brine and solid minerals inclusive of lithium carbonate, The total reserves of 2,466,300 tons. Which only the surface to control the economic base of brine reserves reached 704.1 thousand tons, the amount of lithium resources in China ranks the first.

Information, is located in the hinterland of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Plateau is rich in potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium, boron and other mineral resources, including magnesium chloride 3.1 billion tons, accounting for 99% of the country to maintain reserves; lithium chloride nearly 14 million tons, accounting for country to maintain reserves of 83%. In early 2007, Qinghai CITIC Guoan Technology Development Corporation West Lake taijnar tons of lithium carbonate project put into production in the Qaidam Basin, the West Lake taijnar become an important production base for lithium carbonate.

In addition, China's largest mining brine has a high magnesium / lithium ratio, processing may be more complex.

Allegedly, hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicle batteries and other applications of lithium demand will continue to grow. Demand in the current rate, the global supply is expected to meet in 1775, the Salar de Atacama in Chile, with 6.9 million tons of recoverable lithium, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia has 5.5 million tons of recoverable lithium.

Jiangxi new lithium energy industry base in the November 17, 2009 the park opened in Yichun City of Jiangxi Province. It is the nation's first lithium industrial base, Yichun in three years to fight the Asia's largest lithium production base, five years to fight the power of China's largest lithium production base. Jiangxi Yichun the world's largest lithium mine, now proven recoverable reserves of lithium oxide is 110 million tons, accounting for 31%, accounting for 12% of the world, with a good amount of resources, Yichun "lithium industry" is incredibly . It is understood that the country's first lithium industrial base, planning area of 20 square kilometers (30,000 acres), the United States has new energy, the Chinese home, Foster and more than 20 projects signed lithium admission, signed the contract funding of over $ 10 billion. In the future the development of lithium industry is expected to develop objectives are divided into three stages: 2009 to 2012, industrial output value of new energy lithium strive to reach 8.0 billion before the end of 2012; 2013 to 2015, new lithium energy industry beginning to take shape, and strive to the end of 2015 the output value of 300 billion yuan the previous year; 2016 to 2020, formed a relatively complete new lithium energy industry cluster, and strive to the end of 2020 exceeded 100 billion yuan output value of the previous year.

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