Bad cell phone battery great danger to consumers to carefully

Bad cell phone battery great danger to consumers to carefully

Lee recently purchased a brand telecommunications Street, the original battery, but useless a few days, Mr. Lee discovered that the battery power so quickly day for one charge, but there swelling of the battery case. Find a knowledgeable friend to look, do not know to buy original goods. Lee told friends, fortunately discovered early, or else do not know what will happen dangerous situation! It is understood that the market is flooded with counterfeit mobile phone batteries, these batteries are of poor quality of the chip, the charge is insufficient, the discharge time is short, anti-sabotage and poor performance problems. Therefore, consumers must be cautious when mobile phone battery purchase.

See touch feel distinguish the authenticity of the appearance of

Mobile Zhongshan Jin Cui Peng branch sales manager to remind the general public, in addition to some people because they are inexpensive and buy fake batteries, many people are paying the money you spent to buy a fake, in fact, as long as the purchase process, the several Road closed, it can buy genuine batteries.

In general, the battery label printing technology with the second, in a certain light, from the slope of view, part of the color bar significantly darker than other parts, and the hand feels, feeling slightly convex than the rest, many are original battery have this characteristic. Genuine battery label at the surface of white light with a metal program, similar to a pencil across the traces. Battery casing made of special material, very strong, difficult to damage, under normal circumstances is not easy to open the battery case, battery neat appearance, no extra burr, the outer surface has some roughness, but feel comfortable, feel smooth inner surface, light can see fine vertical scratches. In addition, the battery manufacturers should be clean cut, good brightness and security signs, three-dimensional look.

Maintenance is also important

In addition to buy a good battery outside the battery usage and maintenance is also very important, Suning Appliance Service Minister on the Ministry of Zhang Yuanlin, correct maintenance methods can not only extend the battery life, can also prevent cell phone due to battery failure caused by short circuit situation.

Zhang Yuanlin said, in order to extend battery life, battery charging time is generally no more than the necessary charge period (5-7 hours). For the memory effect of battery, each battery should be used up before charging. Otherwise, the battery memory effect, greatly reducing battery life. In addition, the battery accidentally been dropped or if the impact is too heavy, do not rush to charge, be sure to check the battery case for cracks, charging the battery case temperature is unusual attention, in order to avoid damage caused by the internal protection circuit accident.

Baoding start building Asia's largest production base of battery separators

April 16, Baoding Fengfan battery separator Industrial Park officially started construction of the project is completed, will become Asia's largest battery separator production line.

According to reports, this project is the "2010 China Power Valley (Hong Kong) Fair," one of the items signed by Baoding Sailing Co., Ltd. and the British Rising Group, Johnson Controls Inc. to jointly invest 457 million yuan to build eight battery separators production line. When completed, capacity will reach 100 million square meters, the annual sales income of 543 million yuan, annual profits of 134.29 million yuan, the company Baoding Fengfan (from Baoding Sailing Co., Ltd. jointly established with the British Rising Group) to become the largest in Asia, world's third largest high molecular weight polyethylene battery separator (PE separators) manufacturer.

In recent years, Hebei Baoding is committed to building the "China Power Valley." 2010, the Baoding National High-tech Zone plans to implement 98 key projects with a total investment of nearly $ 50 billion to create "eco-electricity Valley, low-carbon Metro."

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China solar cell industry

China solar cell industry

China's solar cell production to the rapid trend continues to expand in 2009 to 4382MW, estimated at more than 40% of the world. On has become the world's largest producer, and in the future will continue to expand in China solar cell industry, the author's interviews in China according to reports regularly. This paper intends to adopt in March 2010 held in Shanghai "SOLARCONChina2010" and set up a meeting and exhibition, the reader interpret the status of China solar cell industry and future development.

Solar Exhibition "SOLARCONChina2010" and set up the meeting and its "6th CSPV (ChinaSoGSiliconandPVPowerConference)" March 16, 2010 - 18 in Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC) hold. Not only will the field be seen out of the global economic crisis is the growing momentum of China's solar cell industry outlook, can read its future development.

2009 annual output of 4GW, more than 40% of global share

At the opening ceremony, Industry and Information Technology Department of Electronic Information Division, said Wang Bo, "China's solar cell production in 2009 reached 4382MW".

In 2008 more than 30 percent global share of China's solar cell production has been of concern to many people in the industry. Although the official 2009 global production has not been announced, but production in China over 4GW of view, many share the view that "more than 40% of global share."

Multi-crystalline Si production will expand

With the 2008 Si prices fell sharply in the past has been free to set foot in the multi-crystalline Si solar cell production with the disorder, has been gradually restricted. As a result, prices become stable in Si at the same time, the industry also began to have a down to earth feel.

On the other hand, taking into account the long-term growth, the Si production in China can only meet market demand in China is also about half. Therefore, the will to focus on long-term growth initiatives. Wang Bo, "the government is studying the company access to multi-crystalline Si production base, scheduled to be announced shortly."

On the production side, a number of equipment manufacturers at the show and set up the meeting and released to increase the capacity of multi-crystalline Si ingot furnace technology. Release device can be changed from its original capacity of 500kg to 800kg. Efforts in production, coupled with the orderly growth of government support for industry, Si crystal production in the future is also expected to continue to expand.

Thin-film solar cells are also steadily

China's solar cell industry, although in a previous production of crystalline solar cells, driven by rapid expansion, in fact, China's thin-film Si and CIGS thin film solar cells, the same can be said positively. Involved in thin-film Si solar cell manufacturing business for almost 60. Which is not only to their own technology based companies, but also a package of (Turn-Key) to import equipment to start business enterprises.

But in this exhibition, in addition to Zhejiang Chint Solar (Astronergy) active display and publicity, other vendors, only Baoding Tianwei Group (BaodingTianWeiGroup) and Best Solar tech (BestSolar) exhibited a few companies such as a thin-film Si solar cell panels. From manufacturers in meeting the release situation, although the thin-film Si-based manufacturing costs in general lower than about 10% crystalline, but the current conversion efficiency is low, not enough confrontation crystalline competitiveness.

About CIGS solar cells, universities, research institutes and enterprises and an important figure in setting the meeting brought together, launched a focused discussion. Although CIGS-based thin-film Si-based compared with is expected to achieve high conversion efficiency and low manufacturing costs, but acknowledged there are stability problems, currently under development.

Overall, the industry's attitude was "thin-film solar cells on the active challenge, and strive to overcome technical barriers." Although some companies did not participate in the show, but has used its own technology rather than importing expensive equipment, began producing low-cost thin-film Si solar cells. It can be said for companies with own technology, the field there is a huge business opportunity.

Attention turned to the Chinese domestic market

China's solar industry had previously been dependent on exports, but under the influence of the economic crisis, are turning to the growing Chinese domestic market. As of January 2010, China has more than 10 domestic large-scale power stations start 1MW and above, in the future there will be more projects ready for implementation.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China in 2020, the amount of solar power into making a bold prediction: "will greatly exceed 20GW, also is expected to reach 200G ~ 500GW".

Hitachi R & D long-lasting battery life of up to 10

Hitachi said today that it has developed a technique to enhance the lithium-ion batteries double the life of the methods for the cell cathode to improve the use of manganese materials for the battery life of up to 10 years, reducing the replacement battery brought costs.

Long-lasting lithium-ion battery is widely used, such as wind turbines can be used to store excess energy, but also can enhance the portable electronic product life cycle.

Before, Apple has released a way to make MacBook and MacBook Pro repeated charge life of up to 5 years.

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Battery installed on the wall made the sun into electricity

Battery installed on the wall made the sun into electricity

Urban and rural construction is to build energy saving Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone in the inevitable requirement is related to the sustainable economic and social development and people's vital interests. Yesterday, reporter learned from relevant departments of the province, urban and rural construction in our province this year, pushing the energy saving project, this will promote building-integrated photovoltaic solar energy.

Construction of energy-saving and environmentally friendly housing

is understood, promote energy conservation projects, starting with the start on building energy efficiency. The province will accelerate the "five" building energy efficiency plan for the study and formulate policies and measures to promote civil energy. Promote the modernization of housing industry, construction, energy-saving and environmentally friendly housing.

Meanwhile, energy, water, materials, land and resource use and development of recycling economy, reduce the urban-rural construction in the resources and energy consumption. Be enforced for all new buildings energy-efficient design, energy-saving construction of the national standard, to become part of the construction of green buildings. Vigorously promote energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.

Promote building-integrated solar

photovoltaic industry in our province is the province, to advantage, and concerted efforts to promote building-integrated photovoltaic solar energy, as the province of industrial restructuring and economic transformation and upgrading of strategic focus. Reporters learned that the solar building integrated photovoltaic components is to use alternative building materials, applied to the construction of roofs, walls, and the conversion of sunlight into clean electricity.

Made in our province, the solar photovoltaic building construction field as promoting scientific and technological progress and implementation of building energy efficiency an important, well-prepared implementation plan PV building applications, the development of relevant policy measures. All aspects of technology integration, strengthen the photovoltaic building demonstration projects of technical support services and public administration. Full industrial policy, economic policy and financial capital leverage, the formation of government guidance and market operation mechanism for promoting.

Continue to strengthen the sewage and garbage treatment facilities

Continue to strengthen the construction of sewage disposal facilities, while promoting the transformation of the old city sewer. Speed up the county sewage treatment plant concession contract to sell the work, efforts to achieve early transfer, the transfer early, put into operation early, early to benefit. Strengthen the supervision of sewage treatment facilities to run, try running the load of sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment rate reached 70%.

Accelerate the construction of waste disposal facilities, respectively, in Nanchang and Jiujiang build a regional garbage disposal facilities, the new 500 town garbage disposal facilities in rural areas, and strive to urban life garbage treatment rate of 65%, one-third of the two of the county to achieve garbage treatment.

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Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will become the second front in its own brand

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will become the second front in its own brand

"Our research and development of hydrogen fuel cell prototype vehicle more advanced level of performance can be said that the international advanced level, but compared to the leader of the international level there is a large gap." Professor Wang Binggang that "this is a more objective evaluation. "king of the National Clean Vehicle Action Coordination Leading Group Expert Group, the 863" energy-saving and new energy vehicles, "Major Project Office appointed expert.

"Energy saving and new energy vehicles," a major high-tech project office is the Division of Science and Technology (863 Program Office of modern transport technology) under the jurisdiction of the project management agency.

Over one billion yuan by the state development funds to support the stimulation of domestic auto companies eager to join the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research ranks.

In addition to SAIC, Chery, etc. in the "15" during the participation in R & D enterprise, the Foton has joined. SAIC also from the field of hydrogen fuel cell car into the passenger area.

Mainly short board - hydrogen fuel cell life

Research and development in hydrogen fuel cell car, the Roewe 750 as the basis of "Shanghai" brand fuel cell car is the fourth-generation Chinese-developed hydrogen fuel cell cars, China now represents the most advanced level. The hydrogen fuel cell power system by the Shanghai Fuel Cell Vehicle Powertrain Co., Ltd. developed.

And third-generation fuel cell vehicle "Beyond the Three" compared to "Shanghai" brand fuel cell cars, vehicle dynamic performance more robust and efficient. 0-100 km acceleration from 19 seconds to 15 seconds, one-time continuous hydrogen charging mileage extended from 230 km 300 km, maximum speed from 120 km to 150 km. In addition, its higher degree of integration, vehicle stability, reliability has also been further improved.

Also equipped with a fourth-generation power system of the Shanghai Volkswagen Passat, Chery Eastar have a top speed of 150 km, 0-100km acceleration time of less than 15 seconds, filling a hydrogen gas can travel 300 kilometers, these performance did not differ much with the international advanced level.

In addition, the Dongfeng Motor have also entered the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In August 2004, Dongfeng Motor in Wuhan Polytechnic University, the Elysee as a platform, developed a hydrogen fuel cell car - "Chutian One." It is equipped with a 25 kilowatts hydrogen fuel cells as power, top speed of 103 km, but the mileage is shorter.

Hydrogen fuel cell bus research and development, in early 2002, Tsinghua University as the lead unit, and Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Beijing Bus Plant's five units of the overall group, bear country "15" 863 fuel cell city bus developed by the project. Tsinghua University has set up a Beijing Qing Hua Tong Technology Development Co., Ltd. as the industrial carrier.

At present, the latest hydrogen fuel cell bus maximum speed of 90 km / h, a hydrogenation maximum mileage of 300 km, the engine power output of 100 kilowatts. Compared with international advanced level there is a large gap.

November 15, 2007, China's commercial fuel cell bus demonstration project started the second period, Shanghai will be bidding for three to six conditions of Shanghai city bus fuel cell buses, a two-year model run.

Experts suggest that China has independently developed a fuel cell bus, the Chinese government has invested a lot of money. Abroad, the high price of fuel cell buses in order to promote China's policies and regulations to establish standards, suggested that China's fuel cell bus demonstration runs can also be added to the ranks.

In the engine, vehicle control technology, the level of domestic and international advanced level despite the differences, but this is not the most important development of hydrogen fuel cells difficult. The key problem lies in hydrogen fuel cell and battery life issues.

Wang Binggang said that currently the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell is still life 2000 hours, well below the international seven or eight thousand hours. Battery life of less than 2 years, while Japan is the most advanced 3 to 5 years.

It is worth noting that multinational companies have been involved in a domestic fuel cell vehicles.

The second approach - collaboration with multinational

In 2004, SAIC and GM signed a strategic cooperation framework for clean energy automobile agreement, both sides reached an agreement: general "Hydrogen III" hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from the first quarter of 2005 in China, a two-year model run. General Motors in 2002 introduced the "Hydrogen-III", based on the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in GM's North American and German engineering staff under the guidance of a range of integration, and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center will be responsible for the car future operation and maintenance.

In 2001, SAIC and GM China's Shanghai joint venture between Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center, with regard to the Buick GL8 introduced a prototype fuel cell vehicle called the Phoenix.

2005 Fuel Cell Bus Commercialization in China demonstration project bidding, SAIC, General Motors has supported to participate in the project bid and offer was GM's most advanced fuel cell drive system. At present, Shanghai Volkswagen's Passat has been produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and will participate in Beijing during the Olympic Games transport services.

Wang, former vice president of SAIC major general said, because the commitment of some 863 colleges and universities and not in time to seize the latest international technology trends, so SAIC's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research and development is not entirely rely on 863, but also cooperation with multinational companies .

SAIC did not disclose the parties concerned in the development of aspects of what kind of cooperation. However, the reporter has learned that domestic enterprises in the electronic engine control, vehicle control technologies, both traditional energy sources, or new energy vehicles, in collaboration with multinational companies, such as co-developed with Bosch electronic engine control technology .

Reporters noted that SAIC and GM's agreement also includes "the development of China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to contribute to standards and rules," such provisions. So, do not rule out the use of SAIC GM hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China to influence standards.

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Lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the demand pull

Lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the demand pull

Rising gasoline prices and increased consumer awareness of green has been the global automotive industry to re-examine its drive systems, rechargeable lithium-ion battery has become a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application of technology to the fore.

Analysts pointed out that from the viewpoint of the face of near-zero emission, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a lithium battery sales in 2015 expected to exceed $ 500 million.

Currently, Rockwood Holdings, Chile Sociedad Quimicay Minera (SQM) Inc. and FMC Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of lithium, lithium has been a lot of its effectiveness due to new applications.

1 Li-ion battery development prospects

Lithium in the lithium-ion battery applications has been recognized. The first phase of the cell phone application, each cell required about 1 / 10 ounce of lithium carbonate. The second stage is the application of portable computers, mobile phones required the use of lithium carbonate is about 10 times.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using lithium batteries, lithium required for the laptop with more than 100 times the amount of lithium.

Lithium-ion battery performance is expected to play a key HEV, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using the combustion engine and two electric drive system. HEV systems, including plug-in hybrid (PHEV), the system in use before the combustion engine, for storing enough power, battery power can be driven by a certain distance. In addition, the pure electric vehicle (EV) do not set the combustion engine, rely on battery power drive. Lithium-ion batteries is expected to make plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to the price and performance compared to natural gas-powered car to be.

Although Nickel - Metal Hydride battery has been used in most of the HEV, but the battery and lithium-ion batteries compared to the chemical manufacturing, power larger and smaller. Toyota's Prius hybrid electric vehicle GM nickel - metal hydride battery-powered. Toyota said that by 2010 annual sales of 1 million hybrid vehicles.

Chemical manufacturers' investment plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) present opportunities for development. Rockwood has developed a proprietary technology conductive lithium salt, lithium salt of this conductive battery chemistry can help overcome some of the challenges. SQM with Europe, Japan, Korea and the U.S. producer cathode formed a commercial alliance to develop cars with lithium-ion batteries.

However, the auto industry into the mass production of HEV are still in the initial stage, the amount of lithium car battery is still small. Strong growth in other end-user demand and the right price, will continue to support lithium demand.

According to the forecast of Bank of America, Kevin McCarthy, HEV lithium battery sales will grow to approximately $ 600 million in 2015. Analysis, HEV lithium-there are more long-term development opportunities. It is estimated that by 2010 sales of about one million hybrid electric vehicles, 2015 sales will double. Kevin McCarthy is expected to Bank of America, 2015, revenues lithium battery consumption will account for nearly half the amount of electric vehicle batteries, lithium from 2007 total revenues of less than 1% in 2015 accounted for 1 / 4.

Rockwood company in 2007 from lithium carbonate, lithium metal and lithium compounds derived from the total revenue of about $ 450 million. FMC Corporation's lithium in 2007 sales of $ 210 million. And Rockwood's similar, FMC produced lithium carbonate and special general downstream lithium products. SQM is the world's leading manufacturer of lithium carbonate, in 2007 from the lithium and lithium derivatives revenues of $ 179.8 million.

Battery and pharmaceutical end-users together accounted for Rockwood's lithium supply about 40%. Analysts believe that the near term, demand for lithium pharmaceutical sector will be mainly affected by strong demand for butyl lithium and other battery applications of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate and demand driven.

Lithium battery consumption with HEV production is no great demand in the case has shown double-digit rates of growth. 2007 nearly 20% growth in demand expected in the medium term will continue to be higher than the growth rate of 10%.

In addition to battery applications, the speed of growth in the medium term, there was grease, oil with lithium hydroxide, glass objects and glass fusion with lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate and other air conditioning.

With lithium-ion HEV battery power accelerating into the commercial market, Johnson Controls-Saft battery company in January 2007 in France, the world's first large-scale production of the HEV battery production plant, and has been produced with Class Mercedes hybrid electric vehicle sign Lithium-ion battery supply contract, Class hybrid electric vehicles in commercial production in early 2009. Japan's NEC Electronics to the 2009 annual production of 13,000 lithium-ion batteries by 2010 will expand production to 6.5 million units, to apply to the Nissan hybrid electric vehicles.

Some car manufacturers use lithium-ion battery-powered hybrid electric vehicle program being developed. Tesla Motors was the United States in March 2008 to begin production 2008 Tesla Roadster hybrid electric vehicles, will launch the 2009 models. Toyota and Matsushita's joint venture Panasonic EV Energy Company in 2009 limited production vehicle lithium-ion batteries in 2010, will shift to mass production.

Other lithium-ion battery manufacturers, including South Korea's LG Chemical Company, the Company and Hyundai Motor Co. signed a contract, from July 2009 onwards the company Accent hybrid electric vehicle supply lithium-ion battery. Saturn's PHEV and GM Volt EV mass production in 2010. Sanyo Electric Company will begin production of 1.5 to 20,000 / year lithium ion battery for HEV use in 2011. Volkswagen's hybrid electric cars in 2010 using the Sanyo Electric Company lithium-ion battery technology.

2009 lithium-ion rechargeable battery market was formally established. This is because Japan and overseas car manufacturers have started in the passenger cars on the lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Manufacturers in Japan, Toyota Motor, Fuji Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors has decided to adopt, and in Europe, Daimler also said that use. In addition, Nissan, Audi, General Motors is also ready to use in 2010.

Decided to hybrid (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) performance of the most important changes will occur rechargeable batteries. Reason is that Toyota, Nissan and other Japanese top manufacturers launched later in 2009 with a lithium-ion rechargeable battery models.

Objects involved in HEV, EV, plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and other fields. Toyota said it will start in 2009 in a subsidiary - Panasonic EV Energy small batch production for the PHEV lithium-ion rechargeable battery, start mass production in 2010.

2000 "Tino Hybrid" style on the first lithium-ion rechargeable battery with Nissan in 2010 with mass production of lithium-ion rechargeable battery HEV and EV. HEV is scheduled for rear-wheel drive car, the gearbox is now open and the tap in the baggage compartment is equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery. The batteries will be Nissan and NEC, NEC Tokin, a joint venture Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) provides.

In addition to Toyota, Nissan, other major vendors are also expected to use lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Fuji Heavy Industries, mass production scheduled in 2009 to "Plugin Stella Concept" for the prototype EV, Nissan will be the same car, using the AESC manufactured batteries. In addition, Mitsubishi Motors will also purchase and GS Yuasa Corporation (GS Yuasa) and other joint venture Lithium Energy Japan (LEJ) made battery, in 2009, mass production EV "i MiEV".

Honda plans new HEV models added in 2009, and in 2010 in the "Fit" in additional HEV models, but has not yet shown on the HEV in the general use of lithium-ion rechargeable battery. However, the company in November 2008 in Japan began to rent out the fuel cell hybrid vehicle "FCX Clarity" is equipped with a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, replace the capacitors had been used.

Overseas manufacturers, the Volkswagen Group in Germany scheduled for 2010 Audi listing HEV, including lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, Sanyo Electric Co. will start mass production from 2009. The General Motors decision to the HEV market in 2010, the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries will also be Hitachi Vehicle Energy (Hitachi Vehicle Energy) from the end of 2009 mass production.

2 lithium production increase continuously

Rockwood, SQM, and FMC's lithium production accounted for about 3 / 4, some of China's lithium production of small producers account for about 1 / 4. SQM's production is about 35% of the global lithium carbonate supply. Rockwood's specialty chemicals business through its Department of Chemetall's lithium carbonate about 30% of world production, and FMC Corporation production accounts for about 5% to 10%.

In 2009, the world's lithium resources consumption is 8 tons, is expected after 5 years, the United States alone 10 million lithium car demand will consume 10 million tons of lithium resources. Since 2005, lithium prices soaring by more than 10 million per ton in November 2009 rose to more than 60 million per ton.

In 2008 the world production of lithium (in lithium carbonate equivalents) estimated at 80,000 tons / year. The status of the global lithium carbonate industry, the resource threshold high, capacity is highly concentrated. As of the end of 2008, total global demand of about 95,000 tons of lithium carbonate, a major international manufacturer of Chile's SQM, FMC and the United States, Germany Chemtall total annual capacity of 79,000 tons, accounting for 80% of global market share. Since large-scale production of lithium carbonate enterprises must have abundant reserves of lithium salt lake resources, mining rights, which makes the resources of the industry with higher barriers to entry; the other hand, the vast majority of the world's resources are high magnesium salt of lithium-based low- , and from high-Mg low lithium brine separation of lithium carbonate purification technology is very difficult, just before these technologies lies in the hands of a few foreign companies, which makes lithium carbonate industry, but also provides many technical barriers. Therefore, creating a global lithium carbonate industry oligopoly structure.

Three major supplier of lithium from the "Li-triangle" (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile) to produce lithium brine storage. SQM and Rockwood's from the Salar de Atacama region of Chile production of lithium, the advantage of lithium at high concentrations and high evaporation rates, in the production process can use solar energy. In addition to outside of South America, Rockwood companies are Silver Peak, Nevada, brine production by lithium.

FMC Corporation from Salar de Hombre Muerto in Argentina storage of brine in the production of lithium, a filtration process, the filtration process faster, but higher costs than other processes.

Previously, Li Li-hui quarry sediments from the extract. Through this process, however, to produce, due to low purity, require multiple extraction steps and is energy-intensive process. China is now only used in the production of spodumene from a large number of lithium carbonate.

South America's storage capacity is still expanding. SQM's lithium carbonate production capacity being from 3 million tons / year expanded to the third quarter of 2008, about 40,000 tons / year. If market demand is strong, will also be expansion to 60,000 tons / year.

Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia has about 5.5 million tons of lithium storage.

Admiralty Resources Inc. plans to develop Argentina's northern Rincon Salara brine mine, mine has 10,500 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent. All the world's supply of lithium carbonate production will be about 20%. The company's goal is to put into production in 2009. 50 tons / year pilot plant was put into operation in April 2008.

Present from the "Li-triangle" of economic production of lithium is still a big cost advantage. However, rising prices are contributing to the development of lithium storage outside of South America. Norwegian mining company Nordic lithium in Finland through the acquisition of development projects for Europe's first manufacturer of lithium battery industry. The company expects production in Finland in 2013 3300 tons / year of lithium carbonate. Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA has the prospects for the development of lithium brine mine, Black Pearl, including mining companies will develop in California, Nevada and Utah's Great Basin, including lithium brine mine.

The first 20 years, Chinese manufacturers have also implemented a production. China in 2007, total world lithium market is about 1 / 4. The next 2-5 years, China will greatly expand capacity, production capacity is expected to have more than doubled.

Lithium-ion battery sources of raw materials in China is extremely broad. China is the world's lithium resources in the country, especially in the salt lake in Qinghai and Tibet have a lot of lithium resources, development of Salt Lake not only for low-cost lithium-ion battery materials, but also conducive to the development of the western region. At the same time, manganese, iron, vanadium, and phosphorus-rich resources in China are. Permanent magnet synchronous motor with a small, light weight and high efficiency characteristics, and China is big country of rare earth permanent magnetic materials for lithium-electric cars provided the material guarantee.

China has been found in the Qaidam Basin, lithium brine mine, but China mine brine concentration is low, so that China's lithium production SQM and Rockwood price than the company to more than double.

Lithium Salt Lake in independent research, provides technical and production process of magnesium on the basis of some of China's large industrial enterprises in recent years in the Saline Salt Lake and began building the depths of the Qaidam Basin, lithium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and other chemical production base. Current domestic production of lithium carbonate mining company focused on Tibet, CITIC Guoan, Western Mining Group, Qinghai Salt Lake Group, the four companies, and mining in Tibet and CITIC Guoan has accounted for the majority, the two companies in 2008 lithium carbonate Total output of not more than 4,000 tons.

October 12, 2009, Toyota Tsusho Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Toyota Tsusho) and China CITIC Guoan Information Industry Co., Ltd. (CITIC Guoan) signed a letter of intent, the two sides will cooperate in the production and sale of battery grade lithium carbonate and downstream products . Toyota Tsusho is the Toyota Group in automotive related business trading company; CITIC Guoan is a listed company CITIC Group, the West now has taijnar Qinghai Salt Lake, an area of ​​570 square kilometers, is a liquid lithium-based mining large deposits of lithium carbonate in resources outstanding. This is a new signal that the competition of new energy vehicles have been advancing to the upstream resources.

China Tibet Economic Commission announced in late August 2008, Tibet will expand the resource base of China's largest lithium Zabuye Salt Lake, their investment will reach 1.084 billion yuan. After the completion of the project, annual sales income will reach 639 million yuan, profits of 200 million yuan. The expansion project will be a lithium salt and 5,000 tons / year, based on the construction of the lithium salt 20,000 tons / year, lithium chloride, 5,000 tons / year, lithium 500 tons / year high purity lithium 200 tons / year, material of lithium 30 tons / year and other lithium compounds, 490 tons / year production capacity. Salt Lake is located in Xigaze Zabuye Zhongba County, is the world's known resources of more than three lithium salt is one megaton of large, its surface brine, intergranular brine and solid minerals inclusive of lithium carbonate, The total reserves of 2,466,300 tons. Which only the surface to control the economic base of brine reserves reached 704.1 thousand tons, the amount of lithium resources in China ranks the first.

Information, is located in the hinterland of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Plateau is rich in potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium, boron and other mineral resources, including magnesium chloride 3.1 billion tons, accounting for 99% of the country to maintain reserves; lithium chloride nearly 14 million tons, accounting for country to maintain reserves of 83%. In early 2007, Qinghai CITIC Guoan Technology Development Corporation West Lake taijnar tons of lithium carbonate project put into production in the Qaidam Basin, the West Lake taijnar become an important production base for lithium carbonate.

In addition, China's largest mining brine has a high magnesium / lithium ratio, processing may be more complex.

Allegedly, hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicle batteries and other applications of lithium demand will continue to grow. Demand in the current rate, the global supply is expected to meet in 1775, the Salar de Atacama in Chile, with 6.9 million tons of recoverable lithium, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia has 5.5 million tons of recoverable lithium.

Jiangxi new lithium energy industry base in the November 17, 2009 the park opened in Yichun City of Jiangxi Province. It is the nation's first lithium industrial base, Yichun in three years to fight the Asia's largest lithium production base, five years to fight the power of China's largest lithium production base. Jiangxi Yichun the world's largest lithium mine, now proven recoverable reserves of lithium oxide is 110 million tons, accounting for 31%, accounting for 12% of the world, with a good amount of resources, Yichun "lithium industry" is incredibly . It is understood that the country's first lithium industrial base, planning area of 20 square kilometers (30,000 acres), the United States has new energy, the Chinese home, Foster and more than 20 projects signed lithium admission, signed the contract funding of over $ 10 billion. In the future the development of lithium industry is expected to develop objectives are divided into three stages: 2009 to 2012, industrial output value of new energy lithium strive to reach 8.0 billion before the end of 2012; 2013 to 2015, new lithium energy industry beginning to take shape, and strive to the end of 2015 the output value of 300 billion yuan the previous year; 2016 to 2020, formed a relatively complete new lithium energy industry cluster, and strive to the end of 2020 exceeded 100 billion yuan output value of the previous year.

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New energy vehicles: the maximum benefit of low-carbon path to optimal battery

New energy vehicles: the maximum benefit of low-carbon path to optimal battery

1, the new energy vehicles due to large market, cost, energy-saving features, low-carbon path is the preferred position.

China low carbon path and to consider the economic systems of low-carbon development, the priority at this stage to consider the cost to market means the development of low-carbon economy, new energy automotive industry because of its large market, can lead the development of downstream industries, stimulate consumption, and energy-saving the economy, the low-carbon path is the preferred position.

2, the new energy vehicles will become a national strategy, national efforts to support low-carbon industry will exceed the other.

March 2010, the NDRC will be issued the "new energy vehicle development program," new energy vehicles will improve as the national strategy, it will be a major opportunity for new energy development.In all low-carbon industries, the importance of new energy vehicles top row, state support is expected to exceed the intensity of solar, wind and other industries.

3,2011 years to reach 500 000 new energy vehicles, driving more than 50% growth in demand for batteries, lithium batteries with improved penetration, the next three years, can maintain 50% growth.

Huge amount of car batteries, an electric car than 4,000 notebooks, the average use per car cathode materials, 50 kg, 40 kg anode material, electrolyte 40 kg.If the use of vehicles by 20% for the lithium battery (100 000) could also contribute to the positive 5000 tons, 4,000 tons of cathode, 4,000 tons of electrolyte.Electrolyte domestic demand in 2009 to 8,000 tons, only 50% increase in auto demand.With the increased penetration of lithium batteries in the future, more cars use lithium batteries, lithium batteries can keep the next three years, 50% growth.

4, the new energy vehicle development, to benefit the largest battery manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers less affected.

National car sales in 2009 13 million, 50 million new energy vehicles have little effect on the vehicle.Higher prices for new energy vehicles, vehicle low profit margin, profit, mainly in the upper reaches of the battery, electronic control and generator sectors.

5, lithium higher gross margin, with the actual results support the concept of the more rare new energy.

Gross margin: 30% positive and negative 20%, 40% of the electrolyte, diaphragm 70%, Lithium hexafluorophosphate 70%.

Companies have considerable profitability.Industry, rapid technological change, the higher the bottleneck, cathode, anode material in the supply and demand balance, electrolyte membrane for the technical content of the highest part of a comprehensive analysis of products in short supply, new energy vehicles in low-carbon economy will give priority to the development of battery materials company benefit the most, the battery company's actual results support materials, and 3-year battery market can maintain continuous growth, and development of the industry may have explosive

Photoelectric conversion rate of up to 100% new solar cell R & D success

California Institute of Technology recently developed a new solar cell, whose basic principle is to thin the silicon wire array embedded in the polymer substrate.In addition to thin flexible, the absorption of sunlight and its conversion efficiency have made a significant breakthrough.In addition, traditional solar cells required amount of expensive semiconductor material compared to this new type of solar cell requires only a small part.

Applied physics and materials science professor Harry Atwater and the Howard Hughes said: "The first time the traditional solar cells, light absorption material in light-harvesting limit." A new type of silicon used in solar cell arrays on a single line absorption wavelength of incident light 96% of the full wavelength sunlight capture rate of up to 85%.

Atwater said: "A lot of material to capture light very well, but it can not be converted into electrical energy, such as black paint for solar cells, the absorbed photon is converted to electrical loads can sub (charge carrier) is also very important." their R & D line array of silicon solar cells can be absorbed photon 90-100% conversion to electronic.Technically, this array has a near-perfect internal quantum efficiency (internal quantum efficiency).

Atwater concluded: "The high light absorption and better conversion capabilities achievement of this high-quality solar cells."

Silicon in the silicon wire array length of 30 to 100 microns (micron) between the diameter of only 1 micron.Equivalent to the thickness of the silicon wire array length, but the view from the corner of an area or volume, only 2% of this material is silicon, the other 98% of all polymers.As the traditional silicon solar cells is a very expensive component, so that only the traditional to 1 / 50 of solar cell production costs will be much lower.

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Nanotechnology can light fabric and paper into the battery

Nanotechnology can light fabric and paper into the battery

An engineer has discovered a cheap and efficient production of lightweight paper battery and super capacitor, and conductive textiles, and extended the method, called "e-textiles (eTextiles)", the textile can store energy, while preserving plain paper or fabric mechanical properties,

Batteries and super capacitors store energy by electrostatic, not chemical.

Yi Cui of Stanford University engineers to plain paper or fabric soaked in a special kind of ink into the nanoparticles to develop e-textiles.

Cui's team and even for their inventions conceived many of the functional use. May one day save the future of home energy use wallpaper. Gadget lovers can connect the gadget to wherever their T-shirts, to the portable gadget charging devices. Textiles can also be used to produce energy mobile display clothing, production response function with high-performance sports clothing, and wear-ability with heavily armed soldiers.

Development of these high-tech products is the main component of the human eye can not see the nanostructures, nanostructures can be assembled, so they have the conductive feature, this structure may be assembled on the market some of the power storage device to provide solutions to problems.

Cui team experimental device type of nanoparticles used in products expected to function according to changes - lithium cobalt oxide is a compound commonly used in batteries, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are used for super-capacitors.

Cui said: "Energy storage is a very old area of research, super capacitors, batteries - these are old things. How true to the revolutionary impact in this area? This requires a lot of different ways of thinking."

Mitsubishi Electric open thin-film silicon solar cells development of

Mitsubishi Electric in February 16th, 2010 at Tokyo's "research and development results conference", disclosed the company's first thin-film silicon solar cell development situation. The current trial of 5mm square thin-film silicon solar cell stabilization process before the conversion efficiency of 14.8%. Mitsubishi Electric said confidently, "The results of the same area near the KANEKA products have 15% efficiency." Measurements for the Mitsubishi Electric to implement, practical date has been set.

Mitsubishi Electric The trial of thin-film silicon solar cells, equipped with a three-layer absorption of different power generation layer. Layers did not disclose specific materials used, but uses a combination of amorphous silicon-like materials and micro-crystalline silicon materials.

To achieve 14.8% conversion efficiency to contribute to that loss can be reduced levels of the components and design techniques to improve the sealing effect of light transparent conductive film of the bump forming technology. The technology is the use of semiconductor and LCD panel technology to develop.

The thin-film silicon solar cells from the end of 07 cutting-edge technology at Mitsubishi Electric Research Institute (Amagasaki) began to develop. Laboratory equipment prototype 90mm maximum square thin-film silicon solar cells. The company plans to further expand and improve area efficiency.

In the large-scale solar cell manufacturers in Japan, Sharp and Sanyo Electric are ready for mass production or mass production of thin film silicon solar cells. Kyocera and Mitsubishi Electric believes that the "thin-film silicon solar cells more than the superiority of silicon solar cells", it has been working on silicon solar cells. This time, Mitsubishi Electric disclosed thin film silicon solar cells on specific developments in the future, more attention Kyocera's move.

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How to keep up with new energy vehicles in China Kam American and Japanese models developed

How to keep up with new energy vehicles in China Kam American and Japanese models developed

In fostering domestic consumer market, learn from the U.S. government stimulus

Research on key technologies in the learning mode of the Japanese R & D production and research alliances

Further clear road map for China's new energy vehicles, change the status quo has been wavering

Not only for the "Beyond" and give up efforts to improve the traditional internal combustion engine

This is a pure electric buses to replace the battery "gas station." Currently, Beijing has 100 electric vehicles and 870 hybrid cars. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Wenshe

At present, Chinese auto companies have been competing to set off a wave of new energy vehicles repairer, however, new energy vehicles in China but in reality there is a lack of supporting infrastructure, consumer market, immature, and other key technologies difficult obstacles. The future of new energy vehicles in China will have huge market potential, experts suggest that the development of new energy vehicles in China to learn from the United States should stimulate the development of model policies and Japan.

Forces from fighting each other to find

As the energy crisis, environmental needs and national policy support to encourage a variety of factors, in the current Chinese auto manufacturers, whether it is local brands, or joint ventures, are trying to join the production of new energy vehicles or planned.

Reporters learned that in previous years, the development of new energy vehicles to the main difference is that business alone, has emerged between government and enterprises to jointly develop new energy vehicles momentum. Guangzhou Municipal Government and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd. signed the "electric car industry to jointly promote the Memorandum of Understanding." Nissan electric vehicle development at the forefront of the industry has come on, Guangzhou will be the development of new energy vehicles as an opportunity to guide the future development trend of automobile, further enhancing the government and the intensity and level of business cooperation, and promote the development of new energy vehicles in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou Municipal Committee, Deputy Mayor Wu Perseverance, Agility said that with the rapid development of automobile industry and the rapid growth of car ownership, resources and the environment face increasing pressure to develop new energy vehicles will be the inevitable choice Guangzhou automotive industry to achieve industrial upgrading and sustainable development an important way. In order to accelerate the development, Guangzhou has set up a leading group for the development of new energy automotive industry, and to study new energy automotive industry development programs. Guangzhou economy looking forward to the smooth introduction of zero-emission vehicles for the development of local economy and building a green home to make a positive contribution.

Whether international capital, and domestic enterprises, are very optimistic about China's auto industry in this new energy giant cake. Industry experts predict that by 2020, 10% -20% of China's passenger car sales will come from pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid and other new energy vehicles.

Ministry also made a number of cities selected energy-saving and new energy vehicles running large-scale demonstration of the idea, for three consecutive years in the country more than 10 large and medium cities of conditional level one thousand hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles and large-scale energy supply infrastructure model, and strive to make the country the scale of the operation of new energy vehicles in 2012 accounted for 10% of car market share. The core of this vision by expanding the scale demonstration of new energy vehicles to promote the industrialization process.

Development model of advanced foreign

While the broad market prospects, but the new energy vehicles in China but in reality there are charging stations and other infrastructure facilities lack mature consumer market, and other key technologies difficult obstacles. Data indicate that the current utilization of new energy vehicles in China is only 1%. Changes in China's new energy vehicles, "Game No One Played" situation, experts suggest that the policy should be to learn from the United States and Japan to stimulate R & D model.

First, cultivate the domestic consumer market.

"Although the new energy vehicles, energy-saving environmental protection, but at the same level model comparison, the price at least higher than the five or six million. More money to buy a car or spend more money to buy oil, Chinese consumers tend to choose the latter."

China's new energy into the earlier hybrid car market - - the Toyota Prius, for example, in 2006, car sales in China 2100, 2008, in order to enhance sales, price 24000 yuan Toyota initiative, but sold only 899. Large relative to the global total of 1.2 million sold the brilliant record, the Prius performance in the Chinese market it is deserted.

Jia Xinguang industry expert consultants in Beijing that the promotion of new energy vehicles urgently cultivate the domestic consumer market, leading the government plays an indispensable role in the meantime, the key is to increase the intensity of industrial subsidies, the subsidies directly benefit consumers, effectively stimulate consumption . Stimulation of the United States policy in this regard is worth learning.

According to reports, the U.S. government and enterprises using the two-way interaction. Obama fuel restrictions and a new energy policy for the U.S. auto industry, a clear direction, the enterprise will speed up its own research and development. The United States through the development of more stringent emission standards for vehicle fuel policies and new energy vehicles, as well as through government procurement, energy efficient cars, consumers to buy efficient cars tax cuts, the creation of new energy vehicles in the government-funded projects, investment promotion, infrastructure construction of new energy vehicles and other strategies , the U.S. government to further promote the automotive products in the "small" and "low energy" direction. The federal government will purchase from the U.S. Big Three auto makers produced 17,600 vehicles, including new energy, including energy-saving vehicles.

Obama made it clear that, by 2015 the United States to have 1 million plug-in hybrids on the road. To encourage consumption, purchase plug-in hybrid business owners can enjoy the $ 7,500 tax deduction. Also, the Government has also invested four hundred million dollars to support the construction of infrastructure such as charging stations. These new energy policy, more specifically the development of new products, energy saving direction and goals.

Second, build a production and research union.

New energy vehicles to overcome many of the key technical problems, thus strengthening joint research and development and improve the development of new energy efficiency is an important part of facing the vehicle development.

"China Automotive News" editor Zhong Shi said: "Now the development of domestic enterprises enthusiasm of new energy vehicles, which is very positive initiative, we can not 'mess' on the grounds, the refusal of most companies outside of new energy vehicles, industry organizations should play, the role of local government, strengthen the organization and guidance, collaborative research, division of production, government departments should organize a national automotive industry and interested in the development of new energy vehicles companies plan to jointly research and development, in particular, to encourage more enterprises, universities, research institutes and even individuals to participate in the development of new energy vehicles cause, to appear full steam ahead of new energy vehicles good situation. "

Zhong Shi also proposes a need to guard against the phenomenon of domestic enterprises to develop new energy vehicles enthusiasm, but many businesses split up R & D, low efficiency, high cost, as well as the business is to get state subsidies to the new policy launched energy vehicles, aimed at grabbing the money without the repairer. "Thus, new energy vehicles in China in the research of key technologies, we should learn from Japan's University Alliance R & D model that is conducive to integration of resources, and it helps control the flow of corporate subsidies."

According to reports, Japan's key technologies to overcome the battery, has established a high-performance electric vehicle battery development of the largest new energy automotive industry alliance to jointly implement the 2009 "innovative cutting-edge basic research battery of special" new project. The consortium includes Toyota, Nissan and other auto companies, Sanyo Electric and other motor, battery manufacturers, and Kyoto University and other famous universities and research institutions, a total of 22 members of the unit. Each unit of the Union out of more than 50 professionals engaged in cooperative research and development of basic technologies common business needs. Japanese government plans to invest within seven years of 21 billion yen for this project, through the development of high-performance electric vehicle batteries, in 2020, the Japanese electric vehicle on a single charge of driving range more than tripled.

Third, to establish a clear road map.

Tianjin University, China Automotive Research Center, deputy director of strategic development Guo Yan pointed out that the road map for new energy vehicles in China has been slow swing is an important reason for its development. According to reports, the international strategic direction of new energy vehicles, the current consensus is: the starting point is the traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles, the end is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, during a transitional period of 20 years or so, it will be the new energy model their quarter scuffle for the war. Focus on developing hydrogen-powered cars with the United States, Japan and vigorously develop gasoline-electric hybrid, diesel-powered cars in Europe compared with main attack, China's new energy roadmap has been unclear.

Participated in the strategic development of new energy vehicles in China's Automotive Safety and Energy Director of State Key Laboratory of High-Ming Ouyang said, "After the hair belongs to the Chinese automotive industry: one car behind the traditional engine technology multinational, on the other hand is also behind the development of new energy technologies in the car of state. Therefore, China's automotive research and development of new energy technologies must be different from other countries, it can not be the order of development, and to Sarkozy heads together. "

Fourth, diversification of energy-saving vehicles.

Industry experts also pointed out that application of a wide range of perspective to the development of new energy sources. Because in the energy, the human's ultimate goal is to achieve sustainable use of renewable energy development. Renewable energy including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal energy, tidal energy, etc., short-term goal is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels to achieve energy diversity.

Jia Xinguang analysis that, at present, the industry's eyes are on the outside of the electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles. From the market, supporting the need to address the energy supply network (charging station), the performance to meet the needs of consumers, the price to be competitive. If the building through a large number of coal, fuel power plants to provide electricity, resulting in new pollution, the new energy vehicles not to pursue the matter whether, and if you want to solar, wind, nuclear power to increase the power supply, power generation is now the "new energy" , experiencing the pain of suffering the high cost, technically not completely break. Even if the electric vehicle technology improved, the new generation of energy technology will not immediately mature.

Jia Xinguang, said the public had developed a hundred kilometers a liter of fuel concept car, though many are skeptical of this car, but with this car, we can also see a wide range of fuel-efficient technologies: low-drag and efficient internal combustion engines, reducing weight, body of new materials, etc., so in a traditional internal combustion engine has much to do energy saving and emission reduction. China's rush to development of electric vehicles is to "leapfrog development" and "beyond", which gave up efforts to improve the traditional internal combustion engine, resulting in a new passive: the new energy vehicle market has not really taken shape, but also the development of highly efficient internal combustion engine great potential, we do not account for both sides.

"The car will not only run in a way, not only has highways, as well as first, second, easy road, as well as rural roads. Similarly, the development of new energy vehicles is not only one way, especially the realistic way to go . "Jia Xinguang said.

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Lithium-ion battery management system design

Lithium-ion battery management system design

This article discusses the power lithium battery management system is designed to achieve the power of lithium battery overcharge protection, over discharge protection, overcurrent protection and equalization charging functions.

Introduction

The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries for more than ten years, but early days for mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras, DVD and a series of small mobile electronics, such occasions are often single-string to use, low load current, high safety factor. The last two years, lithium-ion batteries for its lightweight, high energy density, no pollution, has started in electric bicycles, power tools and power toys, rapid application areas, and gradually applied to the field of hybrid and electric vehicles. However, the safety of lithium-ion battery power is still one of the most concern now, so their conservation is very important. In addition to lithium-ion batteries to ensure continuous improvement of their own security, must be of the battery management system, the battery and its application to balanced development. Lithium-ion battery protection including over charge protection, over discharge protection, over current and short circuit protection.

1, the function of protection circuit

1.1 Overcharge protection

Of lithium-ion batteries, which charge the highest single energy-saving core voltage must not exceed the specified value, or the battery electrolyte will be decomposed, making the temperature rise and produce gas, reducing the service life of batteries, serious or even cause an explosion Therefore, we must guarantee protection circuit can not be over-charging, the battery must be in each section to monitor the battery voltage, when the batteries when the voltage exceeds a set value, that is activated over charge protection, protection circuit cut off by the charge loop, stop charging. Voltage in the batteries and return to allow the lifting of overcharge voltage lock mode to stop protection. Different materials, lithium-ion battery voltage and the release of its protection voltage values have different requirements.

In addition, attention must also be produced by malfunction due to noise, in order to prevent the miscarriage of justice and misuse, but also set the overcharge protection delay, and delay time can not be shorter than the duration of the noise. When the voltage overcharge detection voltage continuously over more than a certain time to trigger overcharge protection.

1.2 Over-discharge protection

Excessive discharge of lithium-ion battery will shorten its life, and damage the battery is often irreversible. In order to prevent over-discharge of lithium-ion battery status, when the lithium-ion battery voltage is lower than the over-discharge voltage detection point, over-discharge protection is activated, suspended discharge, and will keep the battery low quiescent current standby mode, parameter setting off similar sufficient protection.

1.3 Over current / short circuit protection

The largest lithium-ion battery discharge current is limited and excessive discharge current lithium batteries also can cause irreversible damage, affecting their life.

Short-circuit current protection to protect this function is an extension, if the short-circuit due to external causes such as high-current discharge to immediately stop the discharge, or on the lithium battery itself and the external devices may cause serious damage.

Over-current protection delay time is normally at least a few hundred microseconds to milliseconds, while the short-circuit protection delay time is microseconds, almost instantly cut short the circuit to avoid the huge short-circuit the battery injury.

To power tools, the protection of current value and set the delay time and power tools must also be combined as the parameters, otherwise it will affect the tool's output torque and motor life.

1.4 cell balancing

Power lithium-ion batteries are generally required to Ji Chuan, dozens or even hundreds of strings above the string, because the battery in the production process, from start to become a finished film to go through many procedures, even after rigorous testing procedures, so that each power voltage, resistance, capacity consistent, but the use of a period of time, the battery internal resistance, voltage, capacity and other parameters fluctuate, forming an inconsistent state, it will have this or that difference. This difference reflected in full or discharged battery when the voltage between the battery cells in series is not the same. This situation led to the process of charging the battery pack, the battery voltage is too high trigger early cell battery overcharge protection, and in the process of discharging the battery cell voltage is too low result in battery discharge protection, so that the overall battery capacity decreased significantly, reflected by the battery capacity of the battery pack in the worst performance of the capacity of the battery cell, and use are prone to the phenomenon of overcharge and over discharge, and are not easily found, leading to early failure. Therefore requested to complete the battery cell protection circuit for the balanced operation for high voltage batteries from taking excess current, excess consumption of electricity, to achieve cell balancing to maximize the effectiveness of lithium battery power, extending battery life and increase security. The balance of the current methods commonly used storage balance and resistance balance.

Equilibrium is the use of battery energy storage inductor or capacitor energy storage components such as charge and discharge through the relay or switching device without energy storage components to achieve balance between the battery switch to the energy transfer between cells. This method of balancing the general control network charge complex, high-security management requirements, in the use of energy storage devices should be careful to take a good charge and discharge time, its biggest advantage is that charge and discharge (work) in use, can balance the unit cell function, and does not consume power lithium-ion battery pack.

Resistance is generally balanced by resistance network controller on the battery pack off balance diversion, this method can be balanced multi-cell control simple. But the balancing process in the election if the resistance is too large, the equilibrium current is too small, had little effect; If the resistance is chosen too small, the resistance power of large energy loss system big, balanced, low efficiency, high system thermal management requirements the need for temperature measurement and control.

Resistance is the principle of equilibrium in the battery charging process, when a fast battery charging, the battery voltage is higher than the other, the system balanced by controlling the switch conduction resistance of the shunt and reduce the battery charging rate, in order to achieve sections the purpose of equalizing charge the battery.

2 Implementation of protection

For the protection of lithium-ion batteries have two main methods: microprocessor control and integrated circuit chip.

2.1 IC control

The current lithium-ion battery can chip a lot of protection, foreign countries, Taiwan and mainland China have a variety of chips to choose from, the current Japanese Ricoh Seiko adopted by more programs, programs mature, the external circuit is simple, but the price is more expensive.

IC implementation of various protection features almost the same, the protection mode and the external lines are also similar, in practice may need to select a different IC. Select IC's time to consider multiple, different types of IC overcharge protection voltage is different, there is also 4.35V 4.25V, there IC's own power, whether the peripheral circuit is simple enough, the various parameters of the protection IC is meet the requirements, the volume is small enough to be considerate.

Protection board in addition to other protection function, low power consumption are also important parameters. To prevent over-discharge protection IC to detect the battery voltage, over discharge detection voltage once they reach the following, you must turn off the power MOSFET and the cut-off discharge. But this time there are natural discharge the battery itself and the protection of IC current consumption exist, so need to protect the IC to minimize current consumption, in the protection of state, the quiescent current consumption must be small 0.1uA.

Another power lithium-ion rechargeable battery pack for work or the instant when the pressure will be generated, thereby protecting IC shall meet the requirements of high pressure.

Figure 1 is a Seiko S-8254A 4-string for the protection of IC application schematic. S-8254 series built-in high accuracy voltage detection circuit and delay circuit is used for 3 or 4-cell lithium-ion or lithium polymer rechargeable battery protection IC. Switching through the SEL pin, can be used to protect three or four series cells.

Figure 1 S-8254A 4 serial protection schematic

Of course, the current battery protection IC to protect the four most common lithium-ion batteries, but many applications require more than five working lithium-ion batteries in series, such as power tools, electric bicycles and UPS, at this time how to solve it? Shown in Figure 2, the circuit can 20A/24V output power, to Seiko S-8254AAV control chip as an application example, it uses two chips in series with the protection, protection of lithium-ion battery pack 8-string, too discharge protection voltage of 2.70V +/- 0.080V, overcharge protection voltage is 4.250V +/- 0.025V.

Figure 28 Series power lithium-ion battery protection circuit

The circuit balance control with R5408 chip, a high voltage measurement accuracy, balance current up to 1A.

2.2 MCU control

Protection of some of the existing integrated circuit chips mainly for the following 4 cell battery power-saving protection, and for four or more batteries than a single-level protection can be used in series or in-chip multi-level protection IC of several series way. But the use of multiple protection chip series way more than 4 cell battery power-saving protection circuit poor scalability. Meanwhile, the integrated protection of the chip is often only for one or more of the characteristics of a class of cells, the lack of flexibility, cost often higher. This, combined with lithium-ion battery charge and discharge characteristics of lithium-ion battery power on many occasions protection circuit, using the MCU (microprocessor) as the core design.

Control various functions of the microprocessor as the core, in addition to lithium-ion battery pack provides over charge, over discharge, over-current protection, effectively within the lithium ion battery lithium single charge and discharge provide dynamic equilibrium, the temperature protection, short circuit protection, and can provide, such as capacity forecasting, communication, identification and other functions.

3 anti-interference measures of hardware

Lithium-ion battery management system as part of an application system, and are subject to various electromagnetic interference, the actual work environment is relatively poor, it was necessary hardware and wiring on the PCB board to take certain anti-interference measures.

4 Other Requirements

Because the battery is primarily used to supply the main application project, thus requiring only a very low power consumption BMS.

5 Conclusion

Lithium-ion battery power monitoring is a relatively new subject, its management system will be integrated monitoring protection technology design, with the rest of the battery pack, charge, discharge, management, and automatic maintenance and other basic functions, to achieve practical and reliable requirements.

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Patented technology into starfish Tech main power battery 2 times increase in output value

Patented technology into starfish Tech main power battery 2 times increase in output value

Science and Technology, Xiangtan University, as applied to bring the two teams patents, tech Power Battery Co., Ltd. Hunan starfish stranded after the financial crisis in the adjustment of product structure, sales were brisk in 2009, output value increased by 2 times.

Starfish few years ago, the company mainly produces lithium-ion battery miner's lamp, but also produce some lithium-ion battery for electric bicycles and motorcycles. With the advent of the financial crisis, mining industry, exports, power battery products for export are blocked, the output value in 2008 only 600 million, the situation is very grim.

Engaged in the study of lithium-ion battery, Xiangtan University, Professor Wang Xianyou leading technology teams for the company made after the pulse, the development of new energy vehicles the biggest bottleneck is the battery, the company has a good lithium-ion battery production base, there should be targeting the two most battery market prospects for development, to meet various types of electric vehicle battery power needs.

Lithium-ion battery development for existing safety, cost and cycle life of such bottlenecks, technology teams to have two patents used in the production, and made a number of production technology innovation, the costs fell Three into, extended the half cycle life, safety, and further improved, enterprises gradually out of the woods. 20Ah now successfully developed 4 kinds of specifications of the high-power lithium-ion battery, sales gratifying. Development of new electric vehicles 30Ah lithium-ion battery is the first successful development of the province, large lithium-ion battery, a number of manufacturers was well after the trial. Starfish company 18 million yuan output value in 2009 for the construction of the best year since the benefits.

Focuses on helping the future. Teams under the guidance of science and technology, the company applied for a starfish patents and the joint commitment with the Xiangtan University, the "Hunan lithium-ion battery production and research industrialization demonstration base" of the building.

Wolong Electric prices lead to lower than expected sales battery

Results slightly below expectations. In 2009, the company achieved operating income of 2.23 billion yuan, an increase of 4.46%, net profit attributable to parent company 197 million, EPS 0.7 million, an increase of 52.72%, below our expectations of 0.75 yuan.

Prices led to lower than expected sales battery. We believe that the reasons for the order cycle in 2009, lead-acid battery prices from high to low, in the second half of the battery unit shipments of 15% -20% price decline, as sales rose only 3% of the battery of the main reasons. Meanwhile, orders for delayed delivery of the end of the battery are also part of the revenue recognition had some negative impact. We expect revenue growth in 2010, the battery will be accompanied by new production capacity to achieve about 35%.

Rate of decline in cost of revenue growth led to rapid growth. In 2009, the motor business by the price decline in overseas demand and the impact appears negative growth of 11%, while the proportion of traction transformer led to increased transportation costs increase, the rate of management fees and marketing expenses were increased by 1.1% and 1.4%. We expect the next 2 years, the impact of resumed growth in income, expense ratio will decrease.

2010 motor business will quickly recover. Dual role of prices and the recovery of overseas business will be under the rapid recovery of motor, the motor business, we expect the growth rate will reach 40% year on year. At the same time, we will see the company vehicle for ABS motor new business will be the highlight.

In 2010, consolidated gross profit margin levels will remain at 20% or more. Despite the rising costs will lead to the transformer and battery respectively, gross margin of about 4% -5% decline, but the profitability of both businesses are still far better than conventional motor business, which through the product structure adjustment, the company maintained 20 % of the consolidated gross profit margin levels.

Additional projects proposed to form a new growth point. Company intends to not more than 8,000 additional shares, transformers, energy efficient small motors and large capacity lithium-ion battery project, the new project will constitute a new growth point.

Lower profit forecasts and investment ratings. We slightly reduced the company's performance forecast EPS is expected to 10,11,12 years were 0.93 yuan, 1.17 yuan and 1.45 yuan. Given the company's share price has reached our target price of 25 yuan, we downgrade from buy to overweight.

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Flat solar cells, watching the market mood quotes

Flat solar cells, watching the market mood quotes

4th Quarter of 2009 by the climate, and the module does not offer such that the arrival in 2010 and gradually decline, but the trend did not follow the lead of solar cells offer down, the battery was flat overall trend is taking the offer, mainly the battery factory orders ample capacity remains high, solar energy industry, said 1 to 2 months in addition to whether the repeated observation of market orders (Doublebooking) the circumstances, but also affect the battery of the key trends offer.

Solar industry said that the 4th quarter of 2009 by the climate in Europe, solar modules offer not so the arrival of 2010 that the first decline gradually, mainly module industry in response to market demand conditions and clearing inventory, partly as a trader clear and cut prices to sell inventory, but the price movements of non-comprehensive, in early 2010 the trend was estimated by adjusting the original price.

However, although the price of the module down, but prices are a lot of solar cells unaffected. Solar cell factory industry, said demand and capacity utilization affected by climate is limited, so large single-part response to market changes and customer demands while the cost of retrench slightly adjusted downwards.

However, the small single-part, according to circumstances and considering up the goods to the battery factory capacity utilization is still high upward adjustment of the situation, adjust the rate of about 0.1 U.S. dollars, but the different characteristics of different customer price adjustments between the Rengyi, so the overall price of solar cell market maintained unchanged.

Depending on whether the market in early 2010 still need to determine the case of repeated orders to adjust prices once the case of repeat orders more serious than originally forecast, estimate the price of solar cells will be adjusted downwards, but if the demand and the original pre- optimistic assessment of the case, forecast flat panel prices continue to remain high probability.

2009 Asian financial crisis makes low-priced products into solar PV market mainstream, leading European and American industry because the production costs competitive advantage is less than the Asian plant, making the order divergent flow to Asia, among which the solar cell is most obvious, Taiwan-based solar cell industry production capacity gradually to reach full load in Q3, China is the dominant industry is seen as the module price.

Although the early 2010 price of solar cells can maintain stable trend, but most of the battery industry that 2010 will continue to show the overall downward trend in battery price, mainly due to lower production costs, then, is the new capacity addition will come out also, supply competition will will continue to increase, especially in the first half of the mainland market in 2010 about 20 gigawatts of capacity expansion, including Suntech, Yingli, Tianwei and other orders were dished out, but the mainland, the small battery factory production to the total expansion of about 10 billion watts, The Taiwan-based battery company, including Motech, E-TON, Yu Jing, a new daylight, subjects such as Sun Microsystems in 2010, there are more than 20 gigawatts of capacity expansion plan.

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We should dare to the forefront of the industry among the world visit to the UK Group Chairman Miao Lian-sheng Lee

We should dare to the forefront of the industry among the world visit to the UK Group Chairman Miao Lian-sheng Lee

"To dare to do business among the world forefront of the industry to do product will do without me there, I have excellent, gifted people I all." November 17, this newspaper Commentator article, "breaking the shackles of inertia of thinking, Open the new world of the Industrial Structure Adjustment "was published, led to seedlings with Yingli, chairman of Health in China.

November 20, he talked about with their actual construction of the modern industrial system and the understanding of structural adjustment, and how to play the role of business in which, and revealed a new target group restructuring in 2012 --- one among the global PV industry class brand.

Hero to be a benefit: product replacement fast, six months after the general availability of high-performance batteries

Author: how do you understand the "benefits Heroes" concept? Increased competition in the photovoltaic industry to play the situation under Yingli Zhang "brand" is what?

Miao Lian-sheng: "products on the market competition, based on Hero's benefit." My words touched the most. To do business, for profit, if the realm of scholarship with a triple, then there are triple-state enterprises to make money. State relied on a heavy dummies, selling of resources, double realm is for others to do the wedding dress, others we eat meat soup, the highest level is that of the people I have, I have excellent money. Benefit from the British to see the development process in recent years, we are working towards the highest level.

In order to achieve this highest level as soon as possible, we will soon have to come up with the latest products.

Earlier this year, the Group and the National Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Germany, Tempress companies to equipment manufacturers is to develop and implement an N-type high-efficiency solar cells, "Panda program," improve stability of the cell conversion efficiency to 18%. September has completed the construction of pilot production line in June next year, all production lines will be completed before the transformation, the introduction of new products.

I: The implementation of the scheme on the British interest mean?

Lian-Sheng Miao: Yingli usher in a new era for product upgrades. We hope that the Group of high cell conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon can be increased by one percentage point per year to 20% by 2012, silicon cell efficiency from 16.5% to 18% in 2012.

For every 1% increase in battery efficiency, photovoltaic system installation costs will be reduced 5%, which will undoubtedly benefit greatly enhance the market competitiveness of the British. As stated in the article Commentator "by improving product technology content and brand, in terms of cost, functionality, price formation on the comparative advantage in order to maximize profit margins."

Author: Yingli so fast introduction of new products need to support what? Is based on what considerations?

Lian-Sheng Miao: technical support, the British domestic and foreign interest in addition to high-end technology with the team, but also within the group established a "great technical team" system for each employee the opportunity for technical innovation.

We have been seeking simple, effective technology transfer route in the shortest possible time to bring the latest technology into products to market. The "technology licensing" to "product brand" will always stand on high-end industrial technology.

The pursuit of "technology is king": the game rule-making and provide national standards for polysilicon production

I: Now Yingli PV industry where domestic and international situation is grim, some say excess domestic production capacity of polysilicon, and recently Yingli sixty-nine Silicon trial production, which is how your understanding and consideration?

Lian-Sheng Miao: any time there are not always the state of the market situation is excellent. Competition, the market turbulence, and can be "one who has mastered advanced technologies, competition in the market who have the right to speak to, control over, the initiative" is the same.

Sixty-nine silicon industry is based on advanced technology, our products will greatly reduce the cost and power consumption, higher product quality, which is the company to constantly adjust product structure, accurately determine the direction of a move of industrial upgrading.

In addition, recently the Ministry of Information Industry and other relevant departments related meetings held in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the meeting concluded that current domestic production of polysilicon, and can not meet the actual needs of the photovoltaic industry, the so-called excess capacity refers to the backward production capacity.

I: Does this mean the state should limit the capacity of backward? Yingli which will play what role?

Lian-Sheng Miao: backward is necessary for industrial development, which requires as soon as possible the relevant industrial policies and national standards. These days, we should be asked relevant ministries, have sixty-nine Silicon polysilicon production costs, process, technology and other relevant data were reported.

In a few days, the Ministry of Industry and other ministries will go to sixty-nine three silicon industry research, is to national standards and industry guidance polysilicon introduction of the policy for final preparations. Sixty-nine Silicon polysilicon production is expected to provide national standards.

In the "technology is king" era, as if we can be like Haier, "through the continuous improvement of scientific and technological innovation, the industry technical standards setters, and do the enterprise above the industry standard and national standards," then the competition in the market in, you can be invincible.

Call of innovation environment: enterprise line with the world advanced level, government support to move really, the real trick

I: A Review of Yingli development path over the years, you think that structural adjustment as the main enterprises in the modern industrial system, Build target needs attention?

Miao Lian-sheng: I want to tell you that restructuring is not a mystery. Enterprises like vegetables, if you just kind of cabbage, not to sell some money, enterprises must use our brains, kind of fine food, seed-season vegetables. So as to have high value-added products in order to achieve profitable growth.

At the same time, you should always pay attention to the world the latest developments in the industry, can not just be satisfied with is the boss in the country, but also in the "R & D, manufacturing (production), management" in all aspects, with the same advanced level of standards before a full line.

Companies in emerging industries do not Tandaqiuquan, to technology, management, operation on the slow accumulation of experience. This requires the Hebei entrepreneurs have enough patience, a little less complaining and a little more persistence.

I: What do you think the innovation process, companies most need the government to do?

Lian-Sheng Miao: enterprise development certainly can not do without government support, one is in the land, tax, approval to provide convenient and efficient service, on the other, innovative entrepreneurs mobilize the initiative and creativity. Corporate profitability, the risks may be reluctant to engage in technological innovation, investment and a lot of money do not want to engage in technological upgrading, companies lose money when there is no capital may engage in technological innovation, this time to require the Government to take effective measure.

In addition, I would like to be reminded that the Government can consider doing in the performance evaluation part of the article, can foster new, forward-looking industry, how many to go into the evaluation system. Now the Government's efforts to eliminate backward into the examination, as the province of the "double thirty," the assessment methods, and is a good practice.

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